Chapter 2 - Ethics in Public Speaking
___ are socially shared ideas about what is good, right, and desirable that propel us to speak and act.
Values
True or False/Explain: Wikipedia is a credible source that you should cite in your speeches.
False: anyone can edit a Wikipedia page; cite the linked sources instead
___ compare the characteristics of two different things by using "like" or "as," while ___ state that something is something else.
Similes & metaphors
___ speaking involves using carefully prepared notes to guide the presentation, and is the method of delivery you should strive for in COM 115.
Extemporaneous
___ is the psychologist famous for creating a hierarchy outlining different levels of human needs.
Maslow
"Just because you can say something, doesn't mean you always should" relates to this topic in speech ethics.
A news organization that conducts an interview with a celebrity is an example of a ___, while a tabloid that reports on the interview is an example of a ___.
Primary source & secondary source
When a speaker says the word "dog," some listeners may picture their pets, while others may think of phrases such as "the dog days of summer." This is an example of a word's ___ meaning.
Connotative
Meaningless words and sounds we make that interrupt the flow of a speech, such as "um" and "like," are also known as ___.
Nonfluencies
The three parts of the Toulmin model are the ___ - a statement or contention the audience is urged to accept; the ___ - evidence in support of an idea you advocate; and the ___ - an inference that links the first two parts.
Claim, data, & warrant
___ are unproven charges (usually about an individual) that can be used to tarnish someone’s reputation, while ___ are veiled lies, hints, or remarks that something is what it is not.
Rumors & innuendos
A ___ draws comparisons between things that are distinctly different, while a ___ compares like things from similar classes or categories.
A speaker who says "imagine the pleasant smells wafting from a frat house after a kegger on Homecoming weekend" is using ___ to grab the audience's attention.
Imagery
A speaker who says "we should all work together to help protect the climate," instead of "we should all work together to help protect the climate," is an example of this aspect of delivery.
Emphasis
A speaker giving a speech on why everyone should eat bacon in front of a group of vegans is an example of a speaker presenting to this type of audience.
Opposed
Speakers whose opinions may prove unpopular with certain audiences should beware ___, or the tendency for people to be influenced by their peers into adopting certain attitudes or behaviors on an emotional, rather than rational, basis.
Herd mentality
Identify the five criteria used when evaluating web sources.
Authority, accuracy, objectivity, coverage, & currency
Abraham Lincoln's famous quote, "of the people, by the people, for the people" is an example of ___.
Epistrophe
___ add color, expression, and feeling to a speech, and should be used deliberately to achieve a desired effect.
"I know for a fact that my opponent enjoys Cardi B and has seen every episode of Keeping Up With the Kardashians - clearly, they are not fit for office" is an example of this type of fallacy.
Ad hominem
In his persuasive speech, Austin makes sure to dress nicely and turn on the charm to make up for the fact that his argument isn't well-organized and he didn't include enough supporting material. Based on this, Austin has a high level of ___, but a low level of ___.
Extrinsic ethos & intrinsic ethos
When creating a full citation for an academic journal article in APA style, you only capitalize words in the article title on these three occasions.
First word in the title, proper nouns, & first word after a colon
In her speech about Ariana Grande's music, Melanie begins with "I see it, I like it, I want it, I got it" - this quote is an example of ___.
Asyndeton
In regards to the vocal aspects of delivery: ___ is the high and low qualities of a person's voice; ___ is the correctness in how a word is said; ___ is how loud or soft a speaker's voice is; ___ is how quickly or slowly a person speaks; ___ is how precisely words are formed; ___ is a speaker "booming" their voice so as to be heard by everyone in the audience.
Pitch, pronunciation, volume, rate, articulation, & projection
There are four aims of persuasion: ___ is when you want your audience to start doing something, ___ is when you want your audience to stop doing something, ___ is when you want your listeners to not begin doing something, and ___ is when the audience is already doing what you want them to do.
Adoption, discontinuance, deterrence, & continuance