General Knowledge
Compare hard news and soft news.
Hard news is urgent, soft news (or evergreen content) can last for a long period of time.
What is Yellow Journalism?
Exaggerated journalism, boisterous, more meant for entertainment, and "clickbait."
What was the front-page article in the yellow jacket?
Harvest Fest by Joey Chirillo
What are two types of media, and give some examples?
Traditional- Newspaper, Magazines, Television, radio, books, movies
Emerging- Smartphones, computers
What is the definition of communication?
A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviors.
Define public relations.
A strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.
Who was Citizen Kane based on, and the pioneer of the newspaper?
William Randolph Hearst
What do FM and AM stand for?
FM- Frequency Modulator
AM- Amplitude Modulator
What are the two forms of media? Explain them.
Broadcast Media- Meant to be viewed, more timely
Print Media- Meant to be read, less timely
What are the three types of communication?
Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and mass communication.
Define the new and old school approaches.
Old School:
- Reactive response to external and internal issues
- Reinforces the status quo
- Traditional media
New School:
- Proactive response to external and internal issues
- Seeks innovative, creative solutions
- Emerging and traditional media
What is the major news prize today? Who is it named after?
Pulitzer Prize, Joseph Pulitzer
What is a network?
A large organization that reaches all over the country (ABC)
What are magazine types?
Institutional, business/trade, consumer
Editorial, circulation sales, advertising sales, manufacturing/distribution, administration
Compare a formative measure to a summative measure.
Formative is whenever something is happening, it has time to change (like midterms). Summative is the end of the process evaluation (like finals).
What is the organization of the inverted pyramid?
- Lead
- Quote
- Details
- Elaboration
- Quotes
- Kicker
What is an affiliate?
The network placement in a specific location (WTAE)
What are the elements of media literacy?
- Critical thinking skills enabling audience members to develop independent judgements
- An understanding of the process of mass communication
- An awareness of the impact of media on the individual and society
- Strategies for analyzing and discussing media messages
What is the inverted pyramid, and when was it made?
- Created during the American Civil War
- Was to ensure the most important information sent via telegraph lines was received before the lines were cut
What are the 10 general activities of public relations? Explain each.
Writing - Strategies and tactics
Editing - Credibility, budget
Placement - The key to effective public relations/Emerging and traditional media forms
Speaking - News Conference
Production - All about money
Programming - Measurement and evaluation/formative evaluation (midterm exam) and summative evaluation (final exam)
Advertising - Paid form of communication
Research - Analytics
Management and training - Professional development / attend conferences, read professional trade publications, professional memberships
What are the news values in journalism?
- Timeliness
- Locality
- Impact
- Interest
- Uniqueness
- Conflict
- Prominence
- Solution
What are demographic variables?
Age, gender, income, geography, religion, race, and marital status.
What are the functions of the mass media? Provide example
- Make profit = Advertising
- Inform = TV news
- Educate/persuade = Politics
- Entertain = Monday Night Football
- Serve a Watchdog function = Weather
- Provide a forum for the exchange of ideas = Political talk/sports talk
Draw the communication model.
||Control || ||Audience analysis|| Sender → ||FOG|| Media → ||FOG|| Receiver
ENCODE content (message) DECODE
<-FEEBACK LOOP->