Vocabulary
This man is credited with discovering the dark reactions of photosynthesis
Who is Melvin Calvin?
List the organelle where photosynthesis occurs
What is the chloroplast?
This is the literal translation of 'glycolysis'
What is 'to break down sugar?'
These are examples of heterotrophs
What are animals, fungi, and certain bacteria?
These organisms go through cellular respiration and photosynthesis
What are autotrophs?
List the two types of anaerobic respiration
What is 1) alcoholic fermentation and 2) lactic acid fermentation?
This protein is found on the end of every electron transport chain:
What is ATP Synthase?
In photosynthesis, the electron transport chain converts _________ energy into _____________ energy
What is 1) solar energy into 2) chemical energy?
In glycolysis, __________ ATP are created for every molecule of glucose
What is 2?
About ______ % of plants go through C3 photosynthesis
What is 98%?
List the electron carriers used during photosynthesis AND cellular respiration
What are NADPH, NADH, FADH?
Name the locations of the ETC in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
What is 1) thylakoid membrane (photosynthesis), and 2) inner mitochondrial membrane (cellular respiration)?
This process creates two molecules of ATP and can happen with or without oxygen
What is glycolysis?
List the three major reasons why all heterotrophs rely on autotrophs?
What is 1) carbon fixation, 2) oxygen production, and 3) production of all food for every level in the food web!
All organisms on planet earth can be placed into one of these two categories
What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?
If oxygen is present in the cell, __________ will be converted into _________________ before the Citric acid cycle begins
What is 'pyruvate' and 'Acetyl CoA?'
This is the difference between stroma and stoma:
What is 1) stoma are pores for gas exchange, and 2) stroma is the fluid inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoids?
Why/when are humans capable of anaerobic respiration
What is 'because individual muscle cells have run out of oxygen and switch over to anaerobic respiration?'
This is the overall purpose of the Krebs cycle
What is 'this cycle harnesses high energy electrons to use in the ETC/oxidative phosphorylation?'
When does the process of glycolysis occur during cellular respiration?
What is the first step of aerobic AND anaerobic respiration - tells us that it does not require oxygen to occur?
Briefly explain how active transport is used on the ETC
What is 'energy from free electrons is used to pump H+ ions against their concentration gradient; when the gradient becomes very steep, these ions diffuse back through ATP Synthase with their concentration gradient?'
Briefly explain where we see highly-folded membranes being used in this unit - what is the advantage of these structures?
What is 1) thylakoid membranes and 2) inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae - this pattern of repeatedly folding membranes on themselves helps to increase the SA:V ratio - this means that there is more physical space for chemical reactions to occur on (so we can produce more ATP per mitochondrion and autotrophs can produce more glucose per chloroplast)?
The Calvin cycle must occur _______ times because:
What is '6 times because glucose isn't made after a single set of reactions; glucose is gradually built one carbon atom at a time so the reactions must continue occurring?'
Why did some plants evolve different ways to go through photosynthesis?
What is to conserve water in hot or other extreme conditions?
Briefly explain why most food webs/food chains/food pyramids only have 4 to 5 levels
What is 'because there is only so much food that is produced by autotrophs and this food has to support all trophic levels above; since the food source is limited, we rarely see more than 5 trophic levels in ecosystems?'