Vocabulary
This man is credited with discovering the dark reactions of photosynthesis
Who is Melvin Calvin?
List the organelle where photosynthesis occurs
What is the chloroplast?
The term 'autotroph' translates to
What is 'self energy?'
These are examples of heterotrophs
What are animals, fungi, and certain bacteria?
These organisms go through cellular respiration and photosynthesis
What are autotrophs?
List the two types of anaerobic respiration
What is 1) alcoholic fermentation and 2) lactic acid fermentation?
This is the structure that allows plants to exchange gases with the surrounding environment
What are stomata?
In photosynthesis, the electron transport chain converts _________ energy into _____________ energy
What is 1) solar energy into 2) chemical energy?
In glycolysis, __________ ATP are created for every molecule of glucose
What is 2?
About ______ % of plants go through C3 photosynthesis
What is 98%?
List the electron carriers used during photosynthesis AND cellular respiration
What are NADPH, NADH, FADH?
Name the locations of the ETC in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
What is 1) thylakoid membrane (photosynthesis), and 2) inner mitochondrial membrane (cellular respiration)?
This is the relationship between population size and rank on the food pyramid:
What is 'the higher the rank on the food pyramid, the smaller the population size?'
List the three major reasons why all heterotrophs rely on autotrophs?
What is 1) carbon fixation, 2) oxygen production, and 3) production of all food for every level in the food web!
All organisms on planet earth can be placed into one of these two categories
What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?
If oxygen is present in the cell, __________ will be converted into _________________ before the Citric acid cycle begins
What is 'pyruvate' and 'Acetyl CoA?'
This is the difference between stroma and stoma:
What is 1) stoma are pores for gas exchange, and 2) stroma is the fluid inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoids?
Why/when are humans capable of anaerobic respiration
What is 'because individual muscle cells have run out of oxygen and switch over to anaerobic respiration?'
On a graph, this is what the relationship between temperature and photosynthetic rates looks like:
What is 'an optimal relationship - as temp increases, so does photosynthesis to a certain point and then it cases photosynthesis to decrease at very high temps?'
In photosynthesis, using highly folded membranes helps to increase the __________________, meaning that more _________ can be produced
What is 'to increase the surface area:volume ratio; meaning more glucose can be produced?'
Briefly explain how active transport is used on the ETC
What is 'energy from free electrons is used to pump H+ ions against their concentration gradient; when the gradient becomes very steep, these ions diffuse back through ATP Synthase with their concentration gradient?'
This is the definition of electron carriers and how are they used in this unit
What is 1) electron carriers are molecules that shuttle high-energy electrons from point A to point B and back to point A; they move high-energy electrons to and from the ETC in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
The Calvin cycle must occur _______ times because:
What is '6 times because glucose isn't made after a single set of reactions; glucose is gradually built one carbon atom at a time so the reactions must continue occurring?'
List all possible names for all parts of C3 photosynthesis
What are 1) light reactions/light-dependent reactions and 2) light-independent reactions/dark reactions/Calvin cycle/carbon reactions?
This is the significance of mitochondrial DNA?
What is 'it is only inherited from the mother so we can 'read' the DNA of any human being and it is identical - we can also trace this DNA back to the origins of early modern humans in equatorial Africa?'