The Iceberg
These are the three visible aspects of communication, according to the Communication Iceberg.
What are people, tech/media, and symbols?
His model can be summed up by the phrase “Who says what to whom in what channel to what effect.”
Who is Lasswell?
Cologne is a good example of this type of cue or signal.
What is Olfactory?
Also known as personal theories.
What are Native Theories?
Developed in Greece, this might be considered the earliest study of communication.
What is Rhetoric?
Reflex or automatic responses which do not involve learning symbolic processing.
What are first order information processing events?
These findings challenge or contradict a theory.
What are anomalies?
Bees “dancing” to direct other bees to a food source is an example of this use of communication.
What is navigation?
Any symbol or collection of symbols which has meaning or utility.
What is a Message?
Prof. Lane nearly ripped cash in class to illustrate this.
What is the Power of Symbols?
A red light, the American flag, and the Eiffel Tower are all examples of these.
What are symbols?
Shannon and Weaver’s term for any distortion that interferes with the transmission of a signal from the source to the destination.
What is noise?
Swiping right on Tinder or male peacocks spreading their feathers demonstrate this basic function of communication.
What is courtship?
Scholarly theories in communication are evaluated in terms of these three principles.
What are Validity, Reliability, and Utility?
The symbolic relationship between the word “dog” and the furry animal that it represents is.
What is Arbitrary?
The notion that states that no two people attach precisely the same meaning to the messages around us.
What is subjectivity?
This model of communication espoused by the authors of your textbook considers the complexity of animal and human communication beyond the transmission or exchange of information.
What is the adaptation or systems perspective?
The chemical substance that an ant might secrete when it dies that would induce other ants to bury it and/or come to its funeral.
What are pheromones?
The language we use to be self-reflexive and talk about how we believe we are coming across to others can be called this.
What is metacommunication?
A focus on the process of meaning creation through the back and forth of interaction is characteristic of models that account for this flow of communication.
What is two-way communication?
The use of media changes the permanence and what else of communication and information. These changes mean that symbols have meaning and significance apart from the situation in which they were originally used.
What is portability?
Their model of communication introduced the concept of the two-step flow.
Who are Katz and Lazarsfeld?
Beach towels, fences around houses, and animals urinating on trees are all examples of this.
What is Territoriality?
Human communication is __________ through which individuals in relationships, groups, organizations, and societies respond to and create messages to relate to their environment and to other people.
What is a Process?
_________ refers to the activity of sending and receiving messages, and to the discipline as a whole.
What is Communication?