What are the 4 parts of an Introduction
2. Relate to audience
3. Establish credibility
4. Preview main points
What is stage fright?
Anxiety over prospect of speaking in front of an audience
Types of connectives?
Words or phrases linking ideas together
1. Transitions
2. Internal preview
3. Internal summary
4. Signpost
What are types of memorable endings?
Quotes
Humor
Unecdotes
Questions
Reference introduction
Appeal to action
What are types of visual aids?
Objects
Models
Video
Drawings
What are the 4 parts of a Conclusion?
2. Summary of main points
3. Call to action
4. Memorable ending
What makes us nervous?
1. Fear of humiliation
2. Being unprepared
3. Pressure to perform
Types of attention grabbers?
1. Anecdote
2. Startling fact/quote
3. Quote
4. Humor
5. Question
6. Personal experience
7. Reference to recent event or occasion
8. Activity
What are the 3 types of examples?
Brief
Extended
Hypothetical
What is the power of delivery?
Nonverbal expectancy theory - unspoken expectation of effective delivery
Lost interest
Lose credibility
Emotional
Audiences
What are main points?
Major points developed in the body of the speech
1. Logical
2. Reasons
3. Specific steps
How to reduce speech anxiety?
1. Acquire experience
2. Prepare
3. Think positively
4. Select appropriate topic
5. Focus on message
6. Channel nervous energy
What are the components of voice?
Pitch
Pause
Volume
Articulation
Pronunciation
Rate
What are tips for using statistics?
Reliable source
Quantify ideas
Use sparingly
Identify sources
What are the 4 methods of delivery?
Manuscript
Memorized
Impromptu
Extemporaneous
What are speech organizational patterns?
Ways to arrange the main points in the body of the speech
1. Chronologically
2. Topically
3. Spatially
4. Cause and effect
5. Persuasive
What is positive nervousness?
Controlled nervousness that helps energize speaker for speech
What are types of gestures?
Repeating - hand gestures repeat message
Substituting - replacing verbalness with hand gestures
Complementing - gestures compliment speech
Emphasizing - gestures emphasize what you’re talking about
Regulating - regulating transitions
Contradicting - gestures don’t go along with speech
What are the 2 types of testimony?
1. Expert
2. Peer
What is establishing credibility?
Perception of whether speaker has best interest of audience in mind
What are the 4 types of supporting material?
2. Statistics
3. Testimony
4. Analogies
What are characteristics of effective delivery?
2. Gestures
3. Movement
4. Posture/stance
5. Facial expressions
6. Voice
7. Appearance
What is a preview statement?
Central ideas and main points
1. Map
2. What will be discussed
What are the advantages of using a visual aid?
Clarity
Interest
Retention
Credibility
Persuasiveness
Connect the audience to the topic of speech