Historical Foundations
What historical event separated the speaker/creator of a message from the message itself?
The creation of the printing press.
Conceptualizing audiences in terms of the media content being less important than the interpretation made of the media by the audience is which approach to understanding audiences?
Meaning Based
The theory that posits that media spreads like a virus from the media to the person exposed to it is called?
Emotional Contagion
Who is attributed for creating the theory of agenda setting?
McCombs & Shaw
Uses and gratifications theory seeks to explain what draws people to certain media and how they use that media. This makes U&G theory what kind of theory?
Functional
When and where was the first motion picture created?
In Paris, 1895
The Shannon and Weaver Model of communication utilizes which approach to understanding media audiences?
Information Based
When we consciously avoid media that challenges our beliefs, we engage in:
Selective Exposure
What is the theory of agenda setting?
Media cannot tell people what to think, but they are incredibly effective in directing them what to think about.
Name at least three audience use functions that have been identified in uses and gratifications research.
Surveillance, Social Relationships, Correlation, Personal Identity, Entertainment, Reinforcement, Socialization, Guidance, Diversion, Relaxation
The historical event that demonstrated public trust in radio was higher than other forms of mass media was:
The War of the Worlds Broadcast
When a media text's goal is to capture the audience's attention and keep it, the audience is conceptualized as:
Mass
The theory that posits potential long-term effects of media exposure based on how frequently and often you expose yourself to the same message is called:
Cultivation Theory
Within agenda setting theory, the concern that dominant ideas circulating in media mask less popular or minority ideas leads is called:
The Spiral of Silence
An audience's need for information, knowledge or understanding is called:
Cognitive Need
Growth of Insurance Industry, the Plague, Increase in Foreign Trade
True or False: Researchers have consistently found strong evidence that media produces direct effects.
FALSE. No direct effects! Limited effects.
The theory that posits that effects are based on an individual's motivation to process a media message is called:
Elaboration Likelihood
The video we watched in class explaining how algorithmic culture has become the new form of agenda setting claims that this change has caused what cultural phenomenon?
Filter Bubbles
An audience's need for credibility, confidence or status is called:
Integrative Need
A key historical pivot moving media studies into the digital age occurred in 2007. Three main events contributed to this turn - what are they?
Facebook became public, First iPhone introduced, Netflix created streaming services
Name at least three considerations a research would need to take into account when designing an audience survey.
Population, Sample, Generalizability, Method of Collection, Question Effects, Measurement Errors, Non-Attitudes, Non-Response Bias
The degree to which an individual will rationalize their behavior as consistent with their images/beliefs is the theory of:
Cognitive Dissonance
Agenda Setting is effectively largely because cultural structures and individual choices exist simultaneously and often inform each other in duality. The theory that explains this tension is called:
Structuration Theory
Which part of the Payne Studies provided early evidence for Uses & Gratifications theory?
Blumer's student life histories