A form of instrumental communication relying on reasoning and proof to influence belief or behavior through the use of spoken or written messages
What is argumentation (or argument)?
100
The three parts of the "primary triad" of an argument
What are claim, evidence (or grounds) and reasoning?
100
A statement of relationship between grounds and claim that demonstrates an inferential leap
What is reasoning (or the warrant)?
100
Understanding argument as a procedure of discussion, regulated by rules and responsibilities, designed to cover issues completely and facilitate sound decision-making
What is the dialectical perspective of argument?
100
The obligation of advocates to provide good reasons sufficient to change the status quo
What is the burden of proof?
200
Differing points of view that can be used to understand this field -- includes dialectic, logic, and rhetoric.
What are the three perspectives of argumentation?
200
A conclusion, subject to disagreement, that an arguer offers an audience for acceptance
What is a claim?
200
In formal logic, a structure of premises leading to a valid conclusion
What is a syllogism?
200
The position that is commonly accepted as true by reasonable people in a given context enjoys this advantage, until good reasons for change are presented
What is presumption?
200
The four stock issues of policy cases
What are Ill, Blame, Cure, and Benefits vs. Costs?
300
An important model of argument using a diagram to illustrate the relationships between the elements of an argument is named after this English philosopher.
Who is (Stephen) Toulmin?
300
In the Toulmin model of argument, the term used to identify the reasoning that connects the Data (or evidence) to the Claim
What is the Warrant?
300
A fact or belief accepted as true that provides a foundation for a conclusion
What is a premise?
300
An extended argument that, on its face, fulfills the burden of proof for a given proposition
What is a prima facie case?
300
Establishing the importance of the Ill by establishing the scope or magnitude of the problem with objective data
What is quantitative significance?
400
An attempt to move an audience to accept or identify with a particular point of view using communication
What is persuasion?
400
For an argument to be successful, according to the co-orientational model of argument, the evidence must fall within which area of the context of disagreement?
What is below the level of dispute?
400
The type of proposition that involves a judgement of the worth or merit of something, based on subjective criteria
What is a proposition of value?
400
The points of disagreement that an audience will expect an advocate of a proposition to address with good reasons in order to establish a prima facie case
What are stock issues?
400
Establishing the Blame by identifying elements of systemic or institutional flaws that lead to the Ill or prevent it from fixing itself
What is structural cause?
500
A model of argument that emphasizes the dynamic relationships between the argument, the arguer, the audience, and the surrounding context.
What is the co-orientational model of argument?
500
In an important model of argument, an imaginary line that divides a context between that which the audience disagrees with the arguer and that which the audience agrees with the arguer.
What is the level of dispute?
500
Subjects or matters that provide primary points of disagreement in a dispute
What are issues?
500
Determining the kinds of stock issues an advocate must address in a prima facie case depends on the specific type of this overall claim statement that defines and limits the discussion
What is a proposition?
500
The central part of a Cure's plan of action, describing what specific course of action will be implemented