Surveys
This is an association, or a relationship between variables. It can be positive, negative, strong, or weak.
What is a correlation?
These are the two things required for a true experiment.
What are manipulation (of the IV) and random assignment?
You sacrifice this when your goal is to enhance internal validity.
What is external validity?
A researcher interested in _______ might first pick out a sample of memes for his RAs to code (for humor type), then randomly choose 5 to see if all RAs coded the same way.
What is inter-coder reliability?
On Tuesday, December 11th, 2018, from 4-7pm, you will be finishing this with a large pink parscore sheet and your favorite writing implement.
What is the final exam?
One sample measured at one point in time.
What is a cross-sectional study?
These refer to the alphabetical notation used for experimental designs.
What are X, Y, and R? (IV, DV, and random assignment)
An example of this phenomenon would be if a researcher tells participants they are going to watch them solve a series of logic puzzles in order to study their strategic skills, leading participants to behave differently than they otherwise might.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
A researcher interested in this area might assess the power imbalances displayed on dating shows, arguing that gender and racial stereotypes heavily influence the ways in which society perceives contestants.
What is critical cultural theory?
This is what researchers employ when they're trying to gain large, overarching insight about people or things but their source of information is too unwieldy for traditional analytical tools.
What is big data?
Over time, you can survey either the same people each time, different samples from the same sub-group, or different samples from the same population.
What is a panel, cohort, or trend?
The owner of two football teams wants to see if a new sports drink improves performance. He tracks one of his teams performance for half of the season and then begins giving them the sports drink for the rest of the season. His other team plays the entire season without the sports drink. This is an example of a ________________ design.
What is a multiple time series design?
Example:
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 X1 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 (team 1)
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 X2 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 (team 2)
These compromise experimental designs, leading to potential alternative explanations for results.
What are threats to internal validity?
This is a specific method in which a researcher may question members of a certain group about the everyday reality they face within a certain context (i.e., toll booth workers who work graveyard shifts).
What is an ethnographic interview?
To study for this exam you should focus mostly on this; when taking the exam you should do this to ensure that you do not force an answer to fit a question.
What is lecture material; and cover the answer choices while answering the question on your own?
This is a small test or practice run you give before launching a full survey.
What is a pretest or pilot test?
This is something researchers do to ensure that their experimental design (i.e. IV) worked.
What is a manipulation check?
An example of this would be the following: an experimenter gives the 15 lowest achieving students in school an IQ test, gives them advice which he believes will help increase their score, then gives them another IQ test; the students score higher than they did the first time.
What is statistical regression to the mean?
With this method, data is sifted through to pick out major themes, which is then used as a frame to re-sift through the data again and again, until an overarching theory is refined.
What is grounded theory?
This is when a participant's name is not divulged by the researcher, while this is when a participant's answers are not linked to their identity.
What are confidentiality and anonymity?
A researcher wants to understand exact moments throughout the day when participants feel stressed. She asks participants to text her at four points during the day how they are feeling then and there (in the morning, at lunch, after work, and before bed). This is an example of _________ __________.
What is experience sampling?
This is a design with two variables measured at least two times, with the same sample. It uses correlational differences to imply causality.
What is a cross-lagged panel design?
This is a technique which ensures that groups are as even as possible, while this is a technique which ensures that a sample is as representative as possible.
What are random assignment and random sampling?
This method is used to systematically count researcher-defined aspects of certain mediums; it uses ______ as its statistical measure of reliability.
What is content analysis and Cronbach's alpha?
The following would be an example of this study design: A researcher wanting to see whether people are more likely to buy boba in a black cup first watches customers in a store with pink cups, then monitors another store the next day that sells boba in black cups.
What is static group comparison design?
Example:
Group1 X1 O1
Group2 O1