Terms
This is an association, or a relationship between variables. It can be positive or negative, and strong or weak.
What is a correlation?
These are the two things required for a true experiment.
What are manipulation (of the IV) and random assignment?
You often have to sacrifice this when your goal is to enhance internal validity.
What is external validity?
A researcher interested in _______ might first pick out a sample of memes for his RAs to code (by type of humor), then randomly choose 5 memes to see if all RAs coded the same way.
What is inter-coder reliability?
This refers to a type of study involving one sample measured at one point in time.
What is a cross-sectional study?
___ and ___ are the alphabetical letters used to refer to the IV and DV in experimental design notation, respectively.
What are X and Y?
An example of this phenomenon would be if a researcher tells participants they are going to watch them solve a series of logic puzzles in order to study their strategic skills, leading participants to behave differently than they otherwise might.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
A researcher interested in this area might assess the power imbalances displayed on dating shows, arguing that gender and racial stereotypes heavily influence the ways in which society perceives contestants.
What is critical cultural theory?
This type of design involves studies that occur over time.
What is a longitudinal study?
The owner of two football teams wants to see if a new sports drink improves performance. He tracks one of his teams performance for half of the season and then begins giving them the sports drink for the rest of the season. His other team plays the entire season without the sports drink. This is an example of a ________________ design.
What is a multiple time series design?
Example:
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 X1 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 (team 1)
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 X2 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 (team 2)
These compromise experimental designs, leading to potential alternative explanations for results.
What are threats to internal validity (e.g., confounding variables)?
This is a specific method in which a researcher may question members of a certain group about the everyday reality they face within a certain context (i.e., toll booth workers who work graveyard shifts).
What is an ethnographic interview?
This is a small test or practice run you give before launching a full survey.
What is a pilot test?
This is something researchers do to ensure that their experimental design (i.e., IV) worked.
What is a manipulation check?
This is a technique which ensures that groups are as even as possible, while this is a technique which ensures that a sample is as representative as possible.
What are random assignment and random sampling?
This method involves first sifting through data to pick out major themes, then using these themes as frames to re-analyze the data again and again in a back and forth manner until an overarching theory is refined.
What is grounded theory?
This is when a participant's name is not divulged by the researcher, while this is when a participant's answers are not linked to their identity at all.
What are confidentiality and anonymity?
The following would be an example of this study design: A researcher wanting to see whether people are more likely to buy boba in a black cup first watches customers in a store with pink cups, then monitors another store the next day that sells boba in black cups.
What is static group comparison design?
Example:
Group1 X1 O1
Group2 O1
A measure's _____ refers to its consistency, whereas a measure's _____ reflects how accurately it truly measures what it intends to.
What is reliability and validity?
A researcher wants to understand exact moments throughout the day when participants feel stressed. She asks participants to text her at four points during the day how they are feeling, then and there (in the morning, at lunch, after work, and before bed). This is an example of _________ __________.
What is experience sampling?