:)
How is West Nile transmitted?
A. Directed contact with an infected animal
B. Mosquito bite, acting as a vector for the virus
C. Ingestion of contaminated water
D. Airborne transmission through respiratory droplets
B. Mosquito bite, acting as a vector for the virus
T or F; Refusing to wear a seatbelt is a behavioral risk factor that can increase the chances of causing an MVC.
False.
The likelihood of a crash happening is unaffected by the use of a seatbelt. However, the severity of the person's injuries would depend on the use of the seatbelt. Examples of behavioral factors that do contribute to causing MVCs are keeping eyes on the road, keeping mind on driving, keeping hands on the wheel.
Which question would be the best to ask to evaluate a patient's risk of ETOH related health problems?
A. Do you prefer alcohol to other beverages when you go to parties?
B. Have you ever experienced memory loss after drinking?
C. Have you ever used alcohol illegally?
B. Have you ever experienced memory loss after drinking?
This would indicate heavy use of ETOH which directly leads to health problems. Preferring ETOH at parties and illegal consumption of it, while concerning, don't in themselves directly lead to health problems.
You're investigating an outbreak of a waterborne illness in a community. Match the below terms with the three parts to the epidemiological triangle:
Contaminated water, the population affected and poor sanitation practices
AND
Environment, agent and host
Environment = poor sanitation practices
Agent = contaminated water
Host = the population affected
Describe primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of disease
Primary = prevention
Secondary = screening
Tertiary = treatment
It's not going away, just want to make sure we don't forget it!
Name three interventions for preventing intimate parter violence
Train healthcare professionals to ID signs of abuse early
Education on healthy relationships
Education on emotional regulation and conflict resolution
Resources for survivors
Bystander intervention training
Awareness campaigns
Offer counseling for the survivor and perpetrator
Training for law enforcement
Provide hotline numbers
Administer screenings for potential IPV
A patient expresses feelings of poor self-esteem and has difficulty making decisions without her partner's approval. Which of the following should the nurse prioritize assessing for in this patient?
A. Eating disorder
B. Intimate partner violence (IPV)
C. PTSD
B. Intimate partner violence (IPV)
Even with the little information we're given in the question, we know it's asking us to prioritize so after ruling out anything that we think is a wrong answer, we would choose the option that poses the greatest/most immediate risk to the patient.
Name four examples of environmental risk factors contributing to respiratory diseases.
Air fresheners/fragranced aerosol sprays
Burning candles/incense/wax
Vehicle emissions
Secondhand smoke
Mold
Chemicals
Air pollution from industrial businesses
Smoke from fires
Chemical burn off from fires
Which of the following pieces of education would be the best to discuss to address behavioral risk factors of disease?
Healthy eating and physical activity
or
Stress management and relaxation techniques
Healthy eating and physical activity
Both would have an effect on improving health, but diet and activity would have the most direct effect on health. You can be stressed to the max but if you have a healthy diet and a good amount of activity you can likely remain healthy. The reverse is less likely to be true.
T or F: Data collection; including positive test results and tracking the number of cases, falls under surveillance.
True.
According to the WHO, what is the root cause of most health disparities?
A. SES/Poverty
B. Lack of Transportation
C. Environmental conditions
D. Education
A. SES/Poverty
Most other causes could be fixed if SES was high enough, therefore SES is seen as the root cause of most health disparities.
T or F: A person found to be confused, hyperactive, tachycardic with rapid speech and feeling invincible may have taken methamphetamine.
True
Contrary to how we often see it portrayed on TV, meth is a stimulant just like cocaine, ritalin (Methylphenidate) and caffeine.
If a health campaign aims to reach everyone in the community regardless of individual risk factors, what level of prevention would this be?
A. Universal
B. Selective
C. Indicated
A. Universal
Selective: targets specific subgroups known to be at risk due to biological, psychological, social, or environmental factors. This group would be at a higher risk than the general population.
Indicated: targets specific subgroups at the highest risk. In terms of SUD, this group would either be at the highest risk for development of an SUD or show early signs of a SUD.
What is the leading cause of death per the CDC?
A. Suicide
B. Cancer
C. Lower Respiratory Disease
D. Heart Disease
Heart Disease
(I know this is an oddly specific question, but I saw it referenced a couple times so wanted to make sure everyone knew it)
You're investigating a food poisoning outbreak that occurred during a bat mitzvah. The total number of sick individuals divided by the total number of attendees calculates what?
A. Incidence
B. Attack rate
C. Prevalence
Attack rate. Tells the proportion of people who got sick related to the number of people at risk of getting sick (which is everyone at the bat mitzvah)
Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease or illness during a specific period of time (water going into the bathtub)
Prevalence is the total number of accumulated cases of a disease or illness, both new and preexisting, at a given time (all the water inside the bathtub)
So even if we didn't know the formula for calculating the attack rate, if we recall what incidence and prevalence are we can rule those out which would leave us with attack rate as the only option.
How is Lyme disease spread?
Through tick bites
You are assessing increasing rates of obesity in a community and are examining multiple factors such as school lunch programs, family history and SES. What framework is being applied in this assessment?
A. Health belief Model
B. Logical Model
C. Web of Causation Model
C. Web of Causation Model
Defined as "Complexity of how illness, disease, and injury are determined by multiple causes affected by interactions of biological and sociobehavioral determinants of health". You're looking at multiple factors to determine how they connect (like a web) to the problem.
Which are considered depressants (select all that apply):
A. Alcohol
B. Hydrocodone
C. Opioids
D. Barbiturates
E. Benzodiazepines
All of them!
You are conducting an assessment for a patient who reports being a victim of IPV. What is your priority action during the assessment?
A. Refer client to a shelter
B. Call the police of behalf of the client
C. Screen for immediate safety concerns and assess the risk of harm
D. Encourage the client to talk about their IVP experience
C. Screen for immediate safety concerns and assess the risk of harm
We always prioritize patient safety, so screening for any immediate safety concerns would be our priority action. Calling the police on her behalf could get her killed so we would not do that. Encouraging her to talk about her experiences and referring her to a clinic, while helpful in the moment, wouldn't be the priority action for the nurse to take over ensuring her immediate safety.
What are the three STIs with federally funded control programs (and are therefore mandatory to report)?
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis
You're treating a patient with bacterial pneumonia. The patient states they got sick after using the phone of a friend who was sick. This is what type of disease transmission?
A. Direct contact
B. Airborne
C. Fomite
Fomite.
Yes pneumonia is a respiratory disease but the patient is stating they got sick after contracting the bacteria from an inanimate object, not from the person directly. Recall that fomite transmission happens when disease spreads through indirect contact via contaminated surfaces/items.
Your patient tells you that they frequently drink nine drinks during social events typically over a four-hour period and that even after feeling intoxicated they continue to drink until the event is over. What term best describes this behavior?
A. Alcohol use disorder
B. Frequent Drinking
C. Binge Drinking
C. Binge drinking.
Can't Dx with AUD b/c we don't have enough information (like how often this person drinks in excess like this) but this behavior does classify as an episode of binge drinking. "Frequent drinking" isn't a clinical term we've discussed.
What are the three categories of risk factors in epidemiology?
Behavioral, environmental and genetic
"Integrated care delivery model" is synonymous with what type of care?
Chronic
Acute
Chronic
Saw a couple mentions of this in my review, found one mention of this term in your book on page 237 above figure 10-1 introducing the Chronic Care Model we discussed in class.
Which program has the goal of improved parenting skills and reducing instances of child abuse and neglect through home visits from nurses?
A. Family Connections
B. Nurse-Family Partnership model
C. Triple P Program
B. Nurse-Family Partnership model
The others are also home safety programs, but not ones that center around nurses making home visits with the specific goal of improving parenting skills to reduce child maltreatment.