Medieval Europe
What was the medieval world based on?
Feudalism
What allowed the shopper to compare the value of goods different tradesmen offered?
Bills of exchange
Which was the first country that embraced mercantilism in America?
Spain
What happened when a person ignored their boundaries (class, faith, kinship)?
They threatened the order of society
When did Europe experience radical economic and social changes?
11-14th centuries
Who worked to protect trade and traders?
The Church and secular government
What brought economic stability and became the center of commerce?
Medieval cities
What were the three orders that worked together in the rural community?
The warrior aristocracy, (people who fight); the peasantry, (people who work); and the clergy (people who pray)
What's the manorial system?
Lords owned the land
How did the middle class become more business savvy?
By learning about commercial laws and regulations and the dealings of other merchants
Who controlled the a majority of the merchant vessels used to ship products from the New World?
The Dutch
Why were guilds created?
Townspeople, who earned their living through crafts or commerce, broke from rural obligations and familial ties, so they created new social networks through associations called guilds
What were the "central" ages known for?
The period was marked by economic and territorial expansion, demographic and urban growth, the emergence of national identity, and the restructuring of secular and ecclesiastical institutions.
What increased the importance of reading and writing skills (which helped shoppers compare the value of goods tradesmen offered)?
The widespread use of printed documents
What were the colonies acquired to do?
To supply raw materials to the “mother country” and serve as exclusive markets for domestic manufactured goods
What were women's roles?
Women's roles usually were defined in relation to men, with marriage and childbearing as women’s main social and political functions.
What development caused the Manorial system to diminish?
Nation-States
From an American History point of view, what did the emergence of capitalism and growth of commerce gave impetus to?
Voyages of trade and discovery
Which economic changes created more independent classes?
Changes in the availability and consumption of material goods and in population distribution.
Why did Jews play an integral role in medieval society?
They influenced medieval scholarship