Cell Cycle
The longest phase of the cell cycle.
What is Interphase
The three phases of interphase.
What is G1, S, G2
What is the main importance of mitosis and cytokinesis?
Mitosis splits the DNA equally for the 2 cells, Cytokinesis splits the cell equally for the 2 cells
Particles always diffuse from:
A high to low concentration
The main difference between passive transport and active transport.
What is the use of cellular energy or ATP
During interphase the DNA is replicated. This is done to...
Provide 2 cells each with a full copy of DNA
The phase where DNA replication occurs.
What is S phase (synthesis=make)
The events in prophase
The DNA condenses into Chromosomes
The nucleus dissolves/breaks up
The centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
Homeostasis is:
What is keeping something stable and/or constant
When must cells use energy for transport?
What is moving particles against the concentration gradient
Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 from mom and 23 from dad. Each of your cells have 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?
What is 46 chromosomes
When DNA replication occurs the DNA is unzipped and the complementary bases are added to make 2 strands. What would be the complimentary base pairing for the following: A-T-T-C-G-C-T-C-A
What is T-A-A-G-C-G-A-G-T
Events in metaphase
The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
The centrioles extend mitotic spindles which attach to chromosomes
When particles can't be moved, water can be moved instead. What is the diffusion of water:
What is osmosis
The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Simple diffusion is when nonpolar, small, uncharged molecules move freely across the cell membrane with the concentration gradient. When the molecules are large, polar, or have a charge a membrane protein must be used to facilitate (help) the particle move with the concentration gradient.
The cell cycle has checkpoints built in to check for mistakes and to prevent the cell from continuing the cycle if there are mistakes. What is often a result of the cell continuing to replicate when there are mistakes?
What is cancer or uncontrolled cell growth.
At the end of interphase the cell must go through a checkpoint before entering mitosis. The checkpoint is making sure what has been done?
What is the cell has grown, replicated its DNA correctly, cell organelles have been duplicated, and the cell has properly carried out its functions.
Events of Anaphase
The sister chromatids (chromosomes) are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell
Imagine particles diffusing from A flowing to B. If we were to move water instead of particles, osmosis would flow from:
What is B to A
Exocytosis is moving something ___ the cell where endocytosis is moving something ___ the cell
Out of; in
When a cell does not replicate it enters a phase where the cell carries out normal functions but never enters mitosis. What is the name of this phase?
What is G0.
The nucleotide is the monomer or building block of DNA. The 3 components that make up a nucleotide are
What is a phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base (A,T,C,G)
Events of Telophase & Cytokinesis
Telophase - two cells begin forming, nuclei reform around chromosomes
Cytokinesis - the cell invaginates and pinches off to form 2 separate cells
In a hypotonic solution the cell's concentration would be _________ than the solutions concentration.
What is higher
A cell with a higher concentration of glucose is placed is some water with a lower concentration of glucose. The cell wants to bring more glucose in. What type of cell transport will be required?
What is Active Transport (moving glucose AGAINST the concentration gradient)