integumentary system
Relatively common form of an allergic reaction that causes raised red skin welts
can be caused by allergies to many things
(Double the point if medical terminology is said!!)
Urticaria (Hives)
Death of tissue
Causes include infection, frostbite, burns, injuries and circulatory disorders
Gangrene
Recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behaviours, and loss of consciousness
Epilepsy
A decrease in the amount of water in body tissues (occurs when output exceeds intake)
Can lead to hypotension
Dehydration
** BONUS QUESTION**
A persistent inflammatory condition of the gastro-intestinal tract characterized by flare-ups and periods of remission.
Most common symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss—affected person can have as many as 20 bowel movements a day.
Can also cause skin rashes, arthritis, eye inflammation, mouth ulcers, anemia
Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and infection (if needed).
It is important to record the colour and approximate volume of each bowel movement
Crohn's Disease
A viral infection causing a painful rash of raised blisters that can appear anywhere on the body
Caused by herpes varicella zoster virus
Shingles
A bone disorder in which the bones become porous and brittle
Common in older persons and in women after menopause
Osteoporosis
Disease that affects the arteries that supply blood to the brain
Blood vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts
Double points if correct medical terminology is used!!
Cerebrovascular accident (Stroke)
Name the 3 types of diabetes and their definitions
Type 1: Pancreas little to no function, needs insulin
Type 2: Pancreas works, just not enough for the body, oral medications and insulin
Gestational Diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy, usually goes away after childbirth.
An infection of lung tissue
•Alveoli fill with pus, mucus, other liquids; oxygen and carbon dioxide are not exchanged normally.
•Caused by bacteria, viruses, aspiration, or immobility.
•Can cause serious illness and result in death.
Pneumonia
A persistent skin disorder that causes red scaly plaques on the skin that can be found anywhere on the body
Patches are areas of excessive skin accumulation that becomes inflamed
Psoriasis
Usually a chronic, progressive disease
Scar tissues in joints will cause deformities
Connective tissues throughout the body is affected
Pain and stiffness are worst in the morning and gradually decrease during the day
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A persistent, slowly progressive disease
•Myelin (which covers nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord) is destroyed.
As a result, nerve impulses are not sent to and from the brain in a normal manner.
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Caused by lack of blood supply to the heart muscle (ischemia)
Atherosclerosis or a thrombus obstructs blood flow through an artery.
Area damaged may be small or large.
Sudden cardiac death can occur.
Myocardial infraction (Heart attack)
Persistent lung disorder that blocks airways and makes breathing difficult
Refers to chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Progressive disease that worsens over time.
Smoking is the most common cause.
Currently the fourth leading cause of death worldwide; will climb to third place by 2030
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
inflammatory condition of the skin
may look different from person to person
Dry, red and extremely itchy patches of skin
eczema
Pain is often less severe in the morning and worsens during the day
Occurs with weight-bearing and joint movement
Severe pain can interfere with rest and sleep
Most common form of arthritis
An inherited neurological disorder that destroys brain cells—causes uncontrolled movements, emotional disturbances, and cognitive losses
•Begins with twitching, fidgeting, clumsiness
•Difficulty with eating, swallowing, ADLs
Huntington's disease
Chest pain from reduced blood flow to a part of the heart muscle caused by CAD.
Occurs when the heart muscle needs more oxygen.
Physical exertion is the common trigger.
Emotional stress, extreme cold or heat, heavy meals, alcohol, and smoking can also trigger it.
Angina Pectoris
Can be transmitted sexually and also be transmitted non-sexually.
Needle-sharing among IV drug users
infected mothers before or during childbirth
infected mothers through breastfeeding
Infected body fluids coming in direct contract with broken skin (e.g., needle stick injuries)
If it goes untreated, it can lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
A highly contagious fungal skin infection that causes the affected foot to peel, burn, itch, and turn red
Easily spread through contact
Treated with over the counter medications
Athlete's foot
inflammation or infection of the bone marrow often caused by Staphylococcus bacteria
Can be a complication of a fracture or orthopedic surgery
Osteomyelitis
A slow progressive disorder with no cure
Affects the area of the brain that controls muscle movement
Parkinson's disease
Occurs when the heart cannot pump blood normally—blood backs up and causes congestion of tissues
double points if you can describe both different versions
Cogestive Heart failure
Right side: Blood backs up into the vena cava (Feet, ankles swell, neck veins bulge, and abdomen is congested with fluids)
Left side: blood backs up into the lungs (Respiratory congestion, if severe pulmonary edema and death, organs do not get enough blood)
A persistent bacterial infection in the lungs.
Can occur in other parts of the body.
If not treated, the person can die.
Spread by airborne droplets with coughing, sneezing, speaking, singing, or laughing.
can be present in the body but not cause signs and symptoms, or may not cause an infection until many years later
Tuberculosis (TB)