History
Who was Horace Mann?
Horace Mann was a lawyer who became an educator.
What was one out of the three reasons for unprecedented growth?
1. Parents began viewing education as a way of improving their children's lives.
2. National leaders saw education as the vehicle for assimilating immigrants and improving national productivity
3. Industry and commerce were growing and required an increasingly educated populace.
What was the 1st significant attempt to improve education during the common school era?
2-year Institutions
What was one of the first ways that they began to improve educaion in the common school era?
Splitting into seperate grade levels.
What is one issue that remains from the common school movement?
Teacher quality
What was Manns' idea?
Public education in the form of tax-supported elementary school should be a right for all citizens.
By 1865, how many of American children were enrolled in public schools?
50%
Back in that time, were majority of teachers men or women?
Men
In what ways did they change their directions they had for students?
Made them more age appropriate
In what state did districts spend triple the amount per pupil spent in poorer districts in the state?
Kansas
What was the Common School Movement?
A historic attempt to make education available to all children in the US.
What was the last state to do so, eliminated the requirement that parents pay for their children’s elementary education in 1871?
New Jersey
What was one common way that teachers taught the students because of their lack of training?
Recitation or/and memorization
What recource began to become more available for the students?
Textbooks
What was institutionalized with the creation of state departments of education?
State governance and control of education
States and local governments directly taxed citizens?
To support public schools.
Even though free public elementary school slowly became available to all, the same didn’t occur to what area of education until much later?
Secondary education
Why were most men involved in teaching?
They were waiting for a position in the ministry.
What was the turning point on American education?
The idea of universal access to a tax-supported education was planted.
America turned to its schools to push the assimilation of the growing number of what?
Immirgants
America turned to its schools to push the assimilation of the growing number of what?
Immigrants
Why did some teachers struggle with staying on top of students learning in the 1800's?
Because their education was limited.
What was one common way that teachers maintained order?
Stern disciplinary measures (punishment)
What was one major issue from the Common School Era?
Inequitable funding of education from state to state and district to district.
In the 1800's, what other tasks did teachers need to do besides teaching?
Sweeping the floors, janitor responsibilities, chopping wood, hauling water