Theories
Legislation and Policy
Factors and Barriers
Support Services
Maintaining confidentiality
100
Model of communication that involves six key stages, including the idea of feedback as an essential component of effective communication.
Argyle's Theory
100
This Act requires public bodies to make reasonable adjustments to ensure that individuals with communication difficulties, such as hearing impairments, can access services on an equal basis with others.
Equality Act 2010
100
This is the most basic factor that influences communication, involving the ability of the sender to express themselves clearly verbally.
Language
100
This service provides support for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, where interpreters can facilitate communication between service users and healthcare professionals.
British Sign Language Interpreters
100
This process involves obtaining clear and voluntary permission from a patient or service user before performing any procedure or sharing their information.
Consent
200
Argyle's Communication Cycle starts with this process, where a person has an idea or thought they wish to communicate.
Idea or concept stage
200
This legislation, which came into effect in 2010, sets out the rights of individuals to have their views and preferences considered in all aspects of their care, particularly in communication and decision-making.
Health and Social Care Act 2010
200
This physical barrier can affect communication, particularly when one or both parties have trouble hearing or speaking clearly.
Hearing impairment or speech difficulty
200
This service offers assistance to individuals with speech and language difficulties, helping them improve communication skills through therapy, training, and tailored support plans.
Speech and Language Therapy
200
This fundamental principle ensures that care providers act in the best interests of their clients, protecting them from harm and promoting their well-being, even when dealing with confidential information.
Duty of Care
300
This theory outlines the stages that groups typically go through as they develop and work together, including stages such as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
Tuckman's theory of group development
300
This legislation requires that service providers ensure people who cannot speak for themselves due to conditions like dementia or brain injury, are provided with advocates to support their wishes and ensure effective communication.
Mental Capacity Act 2005
300
Situations in which background noise or lack of privacy interferes with clear communication between care providers and service users.
Environmental barrier
300
This service, provided by local councils and charities, supports individuals with learning disabilities by offering accessible communication methods, such as Easy Read documents and communication aids, to ensure that care plans are understood.
Advocacy services
300
This principle refers to the idea that personal information should only be shared with those who are directly involved in a person’s care, ensuring that others are not privy to sensitive details unnecessarily.
Need to know
400
This stage of Tuckman's model of group development involves group members getting to know one another and establishing initial relationships, often marked by politeness and testing boundaries.
Forming Stage
400
This policy or code, focuses on improving communication support for children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) to ensure they are fully included in education and care planning.
SEND Code of Practice
400
This psychological factor can significantly impact communication, particularly when individuals are feeling anxious, stressed, or distracted, making it harder to focus on the message being conveyed.
Emotional state or Cognitive barrier
400
Picture Exchange Communication System
400
This policy ensures that personal and sensitive information about service users is not shared without explicit consent, except in specific circumstances such as safeguarding concerns.
Confidentiality policy
500
In Tuckman's model, during the "storming" stage, conflicts may arise as group members assert their individual roles and ideas. What is the term for this necessary conflict resolution that leads to team development?
Norming
500
This law works in conjunction with the GDPR, sets out how personal data should be handled by organizations, ensuring individuals' privacy rights are protected in areas such as healthcare, education, and employment.
Data Protection Act 2018
500
This barrier occurs when individuals lack the necessary skills to engage effectively with others, leading to misunderstandings or a breakdown in communication. It can be influenced by factors like lack of empathy, poor listening, or inadequate emotional intelligence.
Social barrier (interpersonal skills)
500
This type of communication involves using tools, devices, or systems to help individuals who are unable to speak or have difficulty with speech to express themselves, and it includes both low-tech options like picture boards and high-tech options like speech-generating devices.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication
500
This term refers to situations in which it is legally or ethically appropriate for a care provider to share confidential information when there is a risk of harm to the individual or others, or a legal obligation to do so.
Disclosure