Individual Action
Foer argues that changing this part of our daily lives can reduce emissions.
What is diet (or eating fewer animal products)?
This effect explains why people often look to others before acting.
What is the bystander effect?
According to Jonathan Foer, climate change is not only a crisis of science but also a crisis of
What is "belief"
This is what makes sustainable lifestyle changes affordable and convinient
What is system change
Marshall argues that campaigns often focus too heavily on this level of responsibility.
What is individual responsibility?
These norms tell us what behaviours we ought to do and are often communicated through moral appeals.
What are injunctive norms?
The fossil fuel industry popularized this measure to emphasize personal responsibility.
What is the carbon footprint?
Griffith argues climate change solutions should focus on changing these rather than everyday behaviours
What are machines
According to lecture, this common activity has a greater carbon impact than driving an SUV or living in a large house.
What is air travel?
People privately disagree but think everyone else agrees. This is called _____.
What is pluralistic ignorance?
2 key interventions mentioned by Griffith
Policy and financing
Griffith argues that replacing fossil-fuel technologies should occur when they reach the end of this.
According to an Oxfam report discussed in lecture, this group is responsible for about half of global emissions.
Who are the richest 10%?
This value orientation emphasizes concern for the well-being and prosperity of other people.
What is Altruistic
Consumer culture often encourages this value orientation by inviting people to focus on their own needs and satisfaction.
What is egoistic (or self-regarding) values
Griffith identifies these four household technologies as major sources of emissions
What are stoves, vehicles, furnaces, and hot water heaters
According to lecture, individuals earning roughly this amount annually belong to the world's top 1%, highlighting unequal responsibility for emissions.
What is $140,000 USD ($200,000 CAD) ?
Marshall uses this fairy tale to show how dissent can challenge social norms.
What is "The Emperor's New Clothes"?
According to Heglar, excessive focus on individual “green sins” can lead to this emotion and discourage action.
What is shame
According to Griffith, sustainable choices become widespread when they are this.
What are affordable and convenient