Politics
Communication is
the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium
Speaking is
Conveying information verbally in a way that the listener can understand.
Listening is
the ability to accurately receive and interpret information
Why does the sender need an appropriate channel for a message?
To save time and money for sending it
To put a message to an appropriate form for the sender, the recipient, and the aim is
encoding the message
What are the types of written communication?
report
memos
form-questionnaire
letters
What are the types of oral communication?
Telephone
Message
Meetings/conferences
Face-to-face discussion
What is decoding a message?
To understand the language and vocabulary used in the message
Five stage of listening process are
Receiving
Understanding
Evaluating
Remembering
Responding
The communication skills are essential
To avoid misunderstanding and frustration
To get the job
To do one's studies/job well
To advance in one's career well
Four elements of speaking skills:
Vocabulary
Grammar
Pronunciation
Fluency
What is the relationship of these terms with listening
They are barriers to listening
A good listener
Fights distractions
Makes an effort to concentrate
Uses body language to show attention
Considers the facts and data
Interrupts only to clarify
Judges content over delievery
Conceiving a message is
To aim a message to suit the specific needs of a recipient.
What are non-verbal signals?
Body language
A bad listener
Is easily distracted
Daydreams
Fakes attention
Tunes out if delivery is poor
Tends to argue
Reacts to emotions
Techniques for effective listening are
Preparing to listen
Avoiding pre-judgment
Establishing eye-contact
Judging content, not delivery
Giving feedback
Blocking out distractions
What is Pre-judgement?
judging someone/something before you know them
What is vertical communication?
Communication which moves between individuals at different levels
What kind of communication do people with the same status have?
Horizontal