Communication Styles
This communication style expresses needs and opinions clearly while respecting the rights of others.
Assertive communication
Sharing personal things about yourself to someone you trust in SPT is called this.
Self-disclosure
This “horseman” involves attacking a partner’s character rather than addressing a specific behavior.
Criticism
An exchange relationship
In the model, time, emotional energy, shared memories, and resources put into a relationship are known as this.
Investments
In her free time, Ms. Zuck loves playing this table top roleplaying game (TTRPG).
Dungeons and Dragons
This communication style involves avoiding expressing one’s needs or opinions, often to prevent conflict.
Passive communication
Researchers studying self-disclosure must carefully define and quantify how much information participants share, demonstrating this research concept.
Measurement
In an argument with his fiancee, Jared responded to his fiancee's comments with an eye roll and repeated his fiancee's words in an obviously mocking voice. This is an example of which of the four horsement.
Contempt
A relationship where partners give without expectation simply because they care for each other is called this.
Communal relationship
Beth finds that she has invested a lot into her relationship, but still does not feel emotionally satisfied by her fiancee. According to the investment model of commitment, is she more or less likely to stay committed?
Less likely
Ms. Zuck used to work at this type of school in New Jersey, which may surprising considering what you know about her background.
A Catholic high school
This style of communication expresses anger or disagreement indirectly, often through sarcasm or subtle actions.
Passive-aggressive communication
Define Social Penetration Theory (SPT).
This theory explains how relationships develop through increasing levels of self-disclosure.
Researchers studying the four horsemen may accidentally see women as being naturally more manipulative than men. This is an example of what bias?
Gender bias
The sound relationship theory has two walls. Name one.
Trust or commitment
If research finds that higher investments predict stronger commitment, psychologists must still evaluate whether the study design allows them to determine a direct cause-and-effect relationship. This concerns which concept?
Causality
This is Ms. Zuck's middle name.
Nicole
Jared is in an argument with his fiancee. When his fiancee brings up their disappointment that Jared often cancels the plans they make together last minute, Jared yells: "God, you're just like your mother. I work all day, I pay for everything we have, and you make me feel like a jerk for wanting some time to play video games." This is an example of what kind of communication style.
Aggressive communication
A researcher finds that couples who disclose more personal information report stronger relationships, but cannot conclude that disclosure directly caused relationship strength. This limitation relates to this concept.
Causality
Instead of engaging with the other person, this four horsemen tactic involves physically or emotionally withdrawing from the conversation.
Stonewalling
In this model, the foundation involves building detailed knowledge about a partner’s inner world, known as this concept.
Love maps
This component of the model refers to the positive feelings and rewards someone receives from a relationship.
Relationship satisfaction
How many siblings does Ms. Zuck have?
Beth and her fiancee can't agree on who should move into whose apartment once they get married. While discussing the matter, Beth says "I understand you feel really nostalgic about your apartment. I totally respect those feelings. I'm worried about the commute to work if I move in with you and it's important to me I can lessen the commute. Regardless, our relationship is more important to me than an apartment." The underlined is an example of what assertive communication strategy.
I-Statements
This is the first stage of SPT, often called "small talk".
The orientation stage
Most of Gottman's original research of the four horsemen theory used western, middle class, heterosexual couples. This is an example of what bias?
Sampling bias.
According to the model, healthy couples respond positively to small bids for attention, affection, or support known as this.
Turning toward
When someone has invested a lot of time, money, or effort into something and believes they have invested too much to leave, it is called this.
Sunken cost fallacy
Ms. Zuck attended this school for her undergrad.
Hamilton College
Bradbury and Fincham found that in a 1990 meta-analysis that happy couples engage in this, not blaming their partner or assuming they did something negative on purpose, when in conflict.
Relationship enhancing patterns
Many friendships stay at this stage of SPT.
The exploratory stage
As opposed to using this four horsemen tactic, Beth accepts what her fiancee is saying and takes responsibility for how she is perceived by him.
Defensiveness
A psychologist evaluating whether Gottman’s model is to reductionist is demonstrating this core IB psychology concept.
Perspective
If a person perceives many attractive partners outside the relationship, this component of the model is considered high.
Quality of alternatives
Ms. Zuck does not ride a scooter in Bermuda. Why?
She fell off and injured herself on one in 2021.