Communication Foundations
The manner in which messages are conveyed and received, and the shared experiences of the individuals involved are examined through five unique forms of communication. What are they?
1. Intrapersonal Communication
2. Interpersonal Communication
3. Small Group Discussion
4. Public Speaking
5. Mass Communication
_____ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information which includes selecting stimuli that pass through our perceptual filters, organizing stimuli within our own existing structures and patterns, and interpreting those stimuli based on previous experiences.
Perception
This theory states that as we get to know someone, we engage in a reciprocal process of self-disclosure that changes in breadth and depth and affects how a relationship develops.
Social Penetration Theory
_____ is accidental, involuntary, effortless
Hearing
Involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and action.
Emotional Intelligence
_______ is a model of communication that indicates the relationship among a thought, symbol, and referent. This highlights the indirect relationship between the symbol and referent.
The Triangle of Meaning
How many stages of relationships are there?
10
1. Initiating
2. Experimenting
3. Intensifying
4. Integrating
5. Bonding
6. Differentiating
7. Circumscribing
8. Stagnating
9. Avoiding
10. Terminating
When we receive messages that demonstrate our value and worth from those with whom we have a relationship with. We're creating what type of climate?
Confirming Climate
This identity is based on socially constructed categories that teach us a way of being and include expectations for social behavior or ways of acting
Cultural Identities
The idea that the media doesn't necessarily tell people what to think, but what to think about.
Agenda-Setting Theory
This communication model was developed in 1955 and describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback with physical and psychological contexts.
Interactive Model of Communication
_____ is the degree to which something attracts our attention in a particular context.
Salience
This can be applied to a variety of interpersonal interactions in order to help us understand what parts of ourselves are open, hidden, blind, and unknown.
Johari Window
The fourth step in the listening process is _____. We make judgements about credibility, completeness, and worth.
Evaluating
This theory ties into the evolutionary perspective, because researchers claim that it is in our nature, as newborns, to create social bonds with our primary caretaker.
Attachment theory
_____ is a model used to illustrate how language can range from concrete to abstract.
The Ladder of Abstraction
RDT stands for?
Relational Dialectics Theory
This conflict style indicates a low concern for self and a high concern for the other and viewed as passive or submissive.
Accommodating
The first stage of our non-dominant identity is characterized by a lack of awareness or interest in one's identity
Unexamined Identity
This classic communication theory suggests that mass media messages don't reach everyone directly. They flow from media to Opinion Leaders and then to their social network through interpersonal communication.
Two-Step Flow Theory
This model of communication is a more complex understanding of "context" and views communication as a force that shapes our realities before and after specific interactions occur.
Transactional Model of Communication
These prophecies are though and action patterns in which a person's false belief triggers a behavior that makes the initial false belief actually or seemingly come true.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
What are the four primary categories of self-disclosure?
-Thoughts
-Feelings
-Needs
The ability to process more information than what comes from one speaker or source creates a barrier to effective listening. This is call what?
Rapid Thought Speed
In this culture, emotions are viewed as more interactional and less individual.
Collectivist
_____ are gestures that have a specific agreed-on meaning. Even though they have a generally agreed-on meaning, they are not part of formal sign system like ASL that is explicitly taught to a group of people.
Emblems
The degree a family encourages members to interact and communicate about various topics is what?
Conversation Orientation
The three patterns the occur with _______ ________ are repeating, mutual hostility, and arguing with assurances.
Serial Arguing
This dialectic highlight the connection between our personal patterns of and preferences for communicating and how various contexts influence the personal.
Personal-Contextual Dialectic
The choice of the word "looting" ______ the viewer to think about law and order and criminality, which can lead to lower public sympathy and support for aid programs in the affected community.
Primes
Although communication scholars agree that the transactional model most significantly displays interpersonal communication experience, there are other means of "visualizing" the process. This philosopher established the idea of "I-It" vs. "I-Thou"
Martin Buber
This term refers to our tendency to explain others' behaviors using internal rather than external attributions.
Fundamental Attribution Error
This entails users friending people they don't know personally or that they wouldn't talk to in person in order to increase the size of their online network.
Friend-collecting behavior
This type of listening is focused and usually instrumental; primarily physiological and occurs mostly at the receiving stage of the listening process.
Discriminative Listening
These emotions are not innate, and they do not have corresponding facial expression that makes them universally recognizable. Additionally, they are processed by a different part of the brain that requires higher order thinking.
Secondary emotions
To improve communication competence ______ nonverbal messages increase your awareness of the messages you are sending and receiving and the contexts in which your communication is taking place.
Encoding
High Conversation + Low Conformity Orientation is what family type?
Pluralistic
This construal indicates a perception of the self as interrelated with others.
Interdependent self-construal
________ ______-_______ often requires us to get out of our comfort zones.
Cultural Self-Awareness
Unsubstantiated claims, misleading comparison, and emotional appeal are linked to _______ _______ in advertising.
Faulty Reasoning
When we set a goal of adapting our communication in order to be perceived in a particular way, we have set this type of goal for ourselves.
Self-Presentational Goal
We utilize this set of theories to generalize a person's overall personality from the traits we can perceive.
Implicit Personality Theories
When the cycle of disclosure ends up going well for he disclosure, there is likely to a greater sense of...
Relational Intimacy & Self-Worth
This form of listening is behaving as if you're paying attention to a speaker when you're actually not.
Pseudo-listening
The expression of emotion is influenced by...
*Tip = 2 things
Sociocultural Norms & Display Rules
This term is associated with pitch, volume, rate, vocal quality, and verbal fillers.
Paralanguage
This type of relationship lacks closeness and closeness of interdependence of personal relationships.
Social relationships
Preventing embarrassment or preserving our reputation or image is called what?
Saving Face
This refers to an individual's attitude about and level of comfort in uncertain situations.
Tolerance for Uncertainty
What does the A in T.A.R.E.S. mean?
Authenticity/Attention-Grabbing