Inter-system communication
Name the system that provides structure and support for the body.
The skeletal system.
Which process keeps internal conditions within a narrow, optimal range despite external changes?
Negative feedback
Which system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste around the body?
The cardiovascular system
What is personality?
Individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
What is mental toughness?
A psychological quality that helps athletes cope with challenging and pressurised situations.
What do proprioceptors help you sense?
Your body position and movement.
Which two systems detect and respond to rising blood CO₂ levels to restore balance?
The respiratory system and the nervous system.
What protein in red blood cells carries oxygen to tissues?
Hemoglobin
What are the big five personality traits?
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
List 3 attributes to mental toughness
Self-belief, determination, resilience, coping skills, handling pressure, persistence, focus
Which two systems work together to increase heart rate during exercise?
The nervous system and the cardiovascular system.
How does vasodilation help maintain homeostasis during prolonged exercise?
Blood vessels widen to increase heat loss and prevent dangerous rises in body temperature.
How does the respiratory system support transport during exercise?
By increasing breathing rate and depth to supply more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
What is perfectionism and what are the two types?
How does training improve coordination between the nervous and muscular systems?
It makes communication faster and more efficient, improving control and response to movement.
How does the endocrine system contribute to maintaining homeostasis when blood glucose drops?
It releases hormones (like glucagon) to increase blood glucose levels back to normal.
Why do heart rate and stroke volume increase during prolonged exercise?
To deliver more oxygen and nutrients to working muscles and remove waste efficiently.
What is the difference between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism?
Adaptive perfectionism - High standards + low fear of mistake (positive)
Maladaptive perfectionism - High standards + fear of failure (risk of burnout)
How does poor inter-system communication increase injury risk in fast-paced sports?
Delayed or inaccurate signaling leads to poor timing and instability, increasing the chance of falls or strains.
Why can dehydration severely disrupt homeostasis in athletes performing in hot environments?
Reduced plasma volume impairs thermoregulation, decreases blood pressure, and limits the body's ability to cool itself, increasing risk of heat-related illness.
How does vascular shunting improve transport efficiency during intense exercise?
Blood is redirected from inactive areas to working muscles and vital organs, maximizing oxygen delivery and waste removal under high demand.
Discuss the relationship between agreeableness and teamwork.
Agreeableness is the ability to cooperate, empathise and work well with others. This allows athletes to build trust and create functional tactics. Too much agreeableness can reduce assertiveness, while low agreeableness can cause tension between players.