Model Foundations
This nursing duo developed the Community as Partner Model to illustrate public health nursing as a synthesis of public health and nursing practice.
Elizabeth Anderson and Judith McFarlane.
On the Community Assessment Wheel, how are the 8 subsystems visually separated to show that they continuously interact with and influence one another?
Broken lines.
Depicted as a solid line surrounding the community, what represents the level of health and wellness the community has achieved over time?
The Normal Line of Defense
What term describes tension-producing stimuli that have the potential to penetrate a community's lines of defense and cause disequilibrium in the system?
Stressors.
What is the informal, subjective assessment method where public health nurses evaluate neighborhood conditions on foot or through a vehicle window?
A Windshield Survey.
The Community as Partner Model consists of two main components: the Nursing Process (the interventional component) and which wheel representing the assessment component?
The Community Assessment Wheel.
Local bus routes, road conditions, sidewalk accessibility, street lighting, and public emergency services belong to which subsystem of the wheel?
Safety and Transportation.
Depicted as a dashed outer line, what buffer zone represents a dynamic level of health resulting from a temporary response to environmental or social stressors?
The Flexible Line of Defense
Industrial air pollution generated by a chemical plant located outside town boundaries represents a stressor coming from where?
Outside the community.
During a windshield survey, public health nurses systematically observe the 8 subsystems alongside which central component?
The Core (the people).
Located at the center of the assessment wheel, which element represents the community's people, including their demographics, values, beliefs, and history?
The Core.
Local newspapers, community bulletin boards, neighborhood social media groups, and town hall meetings are categorized under which subsystem?
Communication.
A neighborhood temporarily organizing emergency shelters and food drives in response to local flooding illustrates which line of defense?
The Flexible Line of Defense.
The sudden closure of a local primary care clinic or community food bank represents a stressor originating from where?
Inside the community.
A windshield survey provides qualitative data to assist public health nurses in identifying which three critical community elements?
Vulnerable populations, unmet health needs, and community resources/assets.
The Community as Partner Model is anchored in nursing's four central metaparadigm concepts: Person, Environment, Health, and which fourth concept?
Nursing.
Household income levels, major employment sectors, local business growth, and unemployment rates are evaluated under which subsystem?
Economics.
What internal mechanisms exist throughout the 8 subsystems to defend against stressors and represent the community's inherent strengths?
Lines of Resistance.
What term defines the amount of disequilibrium or disruption that results when stressors penetrate a community's lines of defense?
Degree of Reaction.
Observing structural housing decay, unlit streets, and broken sidewalks during a windshield survey provides qualitative data on which two wheel subsystems?
Physical Environment and Safety & Transportation.
Which core Public Health Nursing Tenet is operationalized when nurses engage community members as equal partners to identify priorities and co-design interventions?
Tenet 03 (Partnering with the Community as an Equal).
Public parks, sports facilities, community centers, and organized youth activities fall under which specific subsystem of the assessment wheel?
Recreation
Establishing an evening recreational program for youth to curb vandalism or opening a no-fee STI screening clinic represents which structural defense?
Lines of Resistance.
How is the degree of reaction measured quantitatively in public health nursing?
By analyzing changes in morbidity, mortality, unemployment, or crime statistics.
What is the ultimate goal of completing a comprehensive community assessment using the Community as Partner framework?
To understand the interactions between people, health, and environment in order to maintain wellness and prevent illness in at-risk populations.