Community Change
Every plan for community change needs an evaluation plan. What is the first and most important step to consider when creating a plan for evaluation?
Develop evaluation questions
A nurse is observing the physical environment of a small rural community. She notes that the town has several run down buildings, pot holes in the road, and very few street lights. Is this an example of subjective or objective data?
Subjective
A patient is being admitted to the hospital with streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacteria would be considered which component in the chain of infection?
Agent
A client presents to the clinic to have his Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) read. The nurse remembers that an induration greater than what would be considered a positive test?
Greater than 5 mm
A public health nurse is using the C.A.S.E approach to talk to a mother who is hesitant to vaccinate her 6 month old for influenza due to her getting sick from the vaccine in the past. The nurse tells the mother, "it is great that you are concerned about your child's health, we both want your child to be healthy." Which step in the C.A.S.E approach is the nurse utilizing?
Corroborate
What defines a complex system of human activity conducted within the context of the social and ecologic environment? In this theory all systems are affected by one another. For example, a teenage daughter with an alcoholic father, attends a local seminar on the abuse of drugs and alcohol. After the seminar she discusses what she learned with her father and challenges him to quit drinking. This is an example of what theory?
Systems theory
What type of system is used to visualize, analyze and interpret geographic data, such as access to health care in rural communities?
Geographic information systems
A client presents to the ER with severe abdominal pain, vomiting and blood diarrhea. She reports eating a salad from a local restaurant a few days ago. Which foodborne illness does the nurse suspect in this client?
E.Coli
A local community is seeing an increase in West Nile Virus. The nurse decides to educate clients about ways to prevent West Nile Virus. What should the nurse include in her education?
Avoid contact with mosquitoes, wear insect repellent, eliminate standing water and wear long sleeves
Which step of the EASE approach is it when the nurse actively listens to a clients concerns about vaccine hesitancy and why the client might think they are unsafe?
Acknowledging main concerns
A local nurse is researching the implementation of a blood glucose monitoring clinic once a week for individuals within the community. Which system level would this intervention address?
Downstream
Which community assessment framework outlines the basic behaviors of the entire community?
Functional health patterns
A child at a local school is diagnosed with influenza. Unfortunately, he was at school most of the day before his mother took him to the doctor. Most of the students in his class are most likely in what phase of the infectious cycle?
Incubation period
What occurs when there is a sudden change in the DNA and RNA, resulting in a new strain of the microorganism? It is one of the most common causes of pandemics.
Antigenetic shift
How long does it usually take for E. Coli symptoms to resolve?
7-10 days
A community health nurse successfully implements a substance abuse program in a small suburb community. Another suburb close by is also in need of such a program. The nurse is able to successfully implement the same program after a year of challenges. Which component of program design has the nurse established?
Program replication
A local family has been experiencing several illnesses within their family due to black mold in their home. After several ER visits and hospitalizations by all members of the family, they finally found out it was black mold and determined that the house needed to be tore down. The medical bills have piled up and now they have nowhere to live. The community does a local fund drive in an effort to help the family. This is an example of what type of community effort?
Not all infectious diseases are necessarily communicable diseases. What three factors does a communicable disease have that an infectious disease might not?
Portal of entry, means of transmission and portal of exit.
Which type of people are at greatest risk for developing tuberculosis?
Those with a weakened immune system
What does the "A" stand for in the C.A.S.E approach?
About me (telling the client a personal experience about vaccines)
As part of a federal grant program on smoking cessation, the local nurse communicates a clear program outline and subsequently communicates how efforts will be continued after the grant ends. This is an example of what type of funding?
Sustainability
A public health nurse collaborates with individuals within the community to develop a diabetes education program. When working with individuals from the community, it is the goal of the nurse to switch individual focus from dependency to what?
Empowerment
A patient arrives to the clinic with diarrhea and flu-like symptoms. She reports eating smoked seafood at a family event a couple nights ago. What foodborne illness does the nurse suspect in this case?
Listeria monocytogenes
There are four types of interrelated microbe-human reactions that can lead to emerging/reemerging infectious diseases. What are the four types of interactions?
Genetic and biologic, physical environment, ecologic, and social, political, and economic
What change model identifies the forces driving the change and those resisting it?
Force Field Analysis