Foundations
This term refers to a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
What is Health?
This level of prevention focuses on preventing disease before it occur. Give an example:
What is primary prevention?
Nutrition education, family planning, smoking cessation education, communicable disease prevention education, health and hygiene education, safety education (i.e. Seat belts and helmet use), prenatal classes, and providing immunizations.
Give the term that defines factors within a community or location that impact individual health. Give one example.
What is Social Determinants of Health?
Exp: Inadequate health insurance coverage, Inability to pay for services, Language, Cultural barriers, Lack of providers in community, Lack of transportation, Inconvenient hours, & Geographical location.
Define epidemiology and give one example of how it is used?
What is the study of health-related trends in a population (how often a disease occurs and why)
Exp: tracking flu outbreaks
Define incidence.
What is the number of new cases over time?
A group of people who share common characteristics, interests, or geography.
What is Community?
This level of prevention aims to detect disease early. Give an example:
What is secondary prevention?
Community assessments, diseases surveillance, screenings, control of outbreaks of communicable diseases.
What is the term that defines limited access to nutritious food?
What is food insecurity?
Define endemic disease and give one example.
what is a disease constantly present in a population?
Exp: malaria in certain regions, heart disease
Define prevalence.
What is the total number of cases at a specific time?
This concept focuses on protecting and improving the health of populations rather than individuals
What is Community Health?
This level of prevention ficuses on reducing complications of an existing disease. Give an example:
What is tertiary prevention?
Rehabilitation, case management referrals, working with PT/OT, support groups.
What is an example of the Neighborhood and Built Environment?
What is sidewalks, bike lanes, green spaces; Crime rates and violence; Industrial complexes that affect the quality of air, round, and water; Accessibility of transportation; Accessibility to healthy food.
Define Epidemic and give one example.
What is an unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event in a particular population?
Exp: increased flu cases in one city.
Define primary data and give an example.
What is data collected firsthand?
Exp: Blood pressure screenings.
Give an example of a Community Health Activity?
What is providing clean water systems and safe housing?
This national initiatives test goals to improve population health. What is it and how often is it updated?
What is Healthy People, updated every 10 years?
This determinant includes education levels and literacy.
What is Education Access and Quality?
Define Pandemic and give one example.
What is a global disease outbreak.
Exp: COVID-19
What is secondary data and give an example.
What is data collected by others?
Exp: Census Bureau data, static reports (births, deaths, marriages), National Health Surveys
Give and example of a Personal Health Activity?
What is choosing to exercise regularly and eat nutritious meals?
Differentiate between acute and chronic disease and give one example of each.
What is acute = short-term; chronic = long-term?
Examples: acute = strep throat; chronic = diabetes
This determinant includes social support and community engagement.
What is Social and Community Context?
Define outbreak and explain how it differs from an epidemic.
what an epidemic that is limited to a small geographic area?
Differentiate acute and chronic diseases and give an example for both.
What is acute = short term; chronic = long-term
Exp: strep throat = acute; diabetes = chronic