Public Health Problems
Health conditions that last one year or longer and require ongoing medical and/or limit activities of daily living.
What are Chronic Illnesses
Model that describes the relationship between agent, host, and environment in communicable diseases.
What is the epidemiologic triangle
Impaired innate immune system, Improperly functioning immune system, Extremes of age, Nutrition, Genetics, Environment (may include sociopolitical or economic situations)
What are risk factors that could promote the ability of an agent to cause disease in a host.
Measures are implemented to prevent a disease from occurring.
What are primary levels of prevention
Treated municipal drinking water supplies; recreational water sources such as pools, fountains, and hot tubs; lakes, ponds, and streams; and drainage systems.
What are sources of waterborne illness
A group of communicable and infectious diseases that present a growing public health problem in the U.S. In 2019
What are sexually transmitted diseases
Elements and sequence of events that are involved in communicable disease transmission.
What is the chain of infection
When the agent is transferred directly from a reservoir to a host
What is Direct Transmission
Measures are implemented to detect and treat diseases early.
What are secondary levels of prevention
Living organisms that can spread infectious agents between human hosts or from animal reservoirs to human hosts.
What are vectors
Heart Disease and Stroke, Cancer, Alzheimer’s Disease, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease
What are examples of chronic health illnesses
The ability of an agent to spread from one individual to another
What it communicability
Uses an intermediary such as a vector or fomite.
What is Indirect Transmission
Measures are implemented to reduce the severity and overall effects of the disease or injury.
What are tertiary levels of prevention
Illnesses that can spread between people and animals and account for over half of infectious organisms affecting humans.
What are zoonotic diseases
Initiative and is designed to guide national health promotion and disease prevention efforts
What is Healthy People 2030
Offers long-term protection and develops over the lifespan
What is acquired immunity
Case finding, contact tracing, isolation, quarantine, vaccination, treatment, and patient education.
What are public health interventions aimed at stopping the direct transmission of infectious disease
Efforts are those that focus on individuals by increasing awareness and changes in modifiable risk factors.
What are individual-level prevention measures
Norovirus, salmonella, clostridium perfringens, campylobacter, and staphylococcus aureus.
What are common types of foodborne illnesses.
Waterborne, Foodborne, Zoonotic, and Vector borne
What are transmission modes for infectious diseases.
The level of immunity conveyed to the general population through vaccination or previous illness.
What is community immunity
Proper sanitation, clean water, and pest control.
What are prevention strategies for indirect transmission.
Interventions that are population-based and aimed at improving the health of communities and decreasing disparities that result in health inequalities.
What are community-based prevention efforts.
Insect repellant, Long pants and sleeves, Removal of standing water...
What ways to prevent vector borne illnesses