Epidemiology
What is the study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations?
Epidemiology
What is the term for diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another?
Communicable diseases
What is a disease that is not infectious and typically results from lifestyle choices?
Noncommunicable disease
What is the term for the harmful use of psychoactive substances?
Substance use disorder
What is the term for violence inflicted by one individual onto another?
Interpersonal violence
What are the three main types of epidemiological studies?
Descriptive, analytical, and experimental studies
Name a common vector for communicable diseases.
Mosquitoes (or ticks, flies, etc.)
What is hypertension considered in public health?
A significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
What is tolerance in relation to substance use?
The body’s need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.
What are two protective factors against violence?
Strong community ties and effective conflict resolution programs
What is the purpose of surveillance in epidemiology?
To monitor disease trends and outbreaks
What role do vaccines play in communicable diseases?
They provide immunity and help prevent disease outbreaks.
What is the relationship between obesity and diabetes?
Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
What are the signs of alcohol use disorder?
Increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite negative consequences.
What is the impact of neighborhood segregation on violence?
Increased risk of violence due to social disorganization and lack of resources.
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
Incidence refers to new cases over a specific time period, while prevalence refers to all existing cases at a given time.
How does herd immunity protect a community?
It reduces the likelihood of disease spread among individuals, protecting those who are unvaccinated.
What are two examples of noncommunicable diseases?
Diabetes, heart disease, COPD, Asthma, SLE, etc
What are the physical effects of opioid addiction?
Physical dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and increased risk of overdose.
What is the role of community leadership in preventing violence?
To foster community engagement and develop effective violence prevention strategies.
What is the epidemiological triangle?
A model that includes the agent, host, and environment to explain disease occurrence.
What strategies are effective in controlling communicable diseases?
Vaccination, sanitation, and public health education.
How does socioeconomic status influence health outcomes related to noncommunicable diseases?
Lower socioeconomic status often correlates with higher rates of noncommunicable diseases due to limited access to healthcare, education, and healthy lifestyle choices.
What are the stages of substance use intervention?
Prevention, intervention, treatment, and recovery.
Discuss the role of schools in preventing youth violence.
Schools can implement programs for conflict resolution, provide a safe environment, and educate students about the consequences of violence.