Background
The the process of stimulating and assisting the local community to evaluate, plan, and coordinate efforts to meet its needs (Zastrow).
What is community practice?
This term "refers to a group of people brought together by physical proximity or by a common identity based on shared experiences, interests, or culture" (Garthwait, 2018, p. 55).
This type of study is "often undertaken by networks of individuals and groups interested in knowing which problems need to be addressed, whether those problems are getting better or worse, what the consequences of these problems are, and what the community wants to have done about them" (Garthwait, 2018, p. 57).
What is a community needs assessment?
Examples can include "hav[ing] the option to live in a neighborhood of their choice [and[ the social skills to engage productively with others to give and gain social support" (Garthwait, 2020, p. 60).
What is a privileged position?
These theories "attempt to explain and describe both the positive and negative development and functioning of individuals, families, groups, organizations, communities, and societies" (Garthwait, 2020, p. 63).
What are orienting/explanatory theories?
This is designed to promote programs or services provided by the organization.
Focused on improving the community at large, and help residents gain “a voice.”
What are Community outreach and community organization?
communities of place and communities of interest or identification (Garthwait, 2018, p. 55)
What are the 2 major types of communities, which social workers interact.
These things "can provide information to guide program improvement, service delivery systems, grant writing, and grassroots efforts to reduce social problems. Focused study of social indicators will help identify the incidence of a social problem (the number or percentage of people affected by a social problem in a given period of time), the prevalence of a social problem (the likelihood that individuals or families experience such problems), trends in problems and potential societal changes, projections for the future, comparisons with other locations or time periods, and the dynamic interactions between social problems" (Garthwait, 2020, p. 58)
What are social indicators?
"an individual or family expectation that supports its social functioning or that of others (e.lg., parent, partner, citizen, employee, neighbor" (Garthwait, 2017, p. 218)
What is a social role?
These theories/models "specific which actions can be taken in intervention plans, and include particular approaches and strategies based on sound community assessments" (Garthwait, 2020, p. 63)
What are practice theories/models?
This method of community practice "
seeks to organize an oppressed group to pressure the power structure for increased resources or for social justice. The basic theme of this approach is, “Let’s organize to overpower our oppressor"(Zastrow). The roles of the community practitioner in this approach include advocate, agitator, activist, partisan, broker, and negotiator. Tactics used in social action projects are protests, boycotts, confrontation, and negotiation. (Zastrow, p. 85)
What is the social action model?
This community type is "mostly by geography and specified boundaries. Such communities include neighborhoods, suburbs, towns, and cities. The boundaries of a community of place might be a legal definition, a river, or a street" (Garthwait, 2018, p. 55).
What is community of place or location?
This tool "involves identifying the resources available to a community that could either be enhanced because they promote positive communities or be used to address negative aspects of communities" (Garthwait, 2020, p. 58).
What is social mapping?
This term "refers to the ways in which communities function, operate, and change" (Garthwait, 2020, p. 60).
What are community dynamics?
advocate, broker, community developer, community organizer, facilitator, mediator, networker, policy analyst/developer, researchers, social planner (Garthwait, 2017, p. 84).
What are social work roles in community practice?
This model of community practice "asserts that community change can best be brought about through broad participation of a wide spectrum of people at the local community level. The basic theme is, “Together we can figure out what to do and then do it.” The roles of the community practitioner in this approach include enabler, catalyst, coordinator, and teacher of problem-solving skills and ethical value (p. 83, Zastrow)
What is the Locality Development Model?
This community type "can be described as a group of individuals who share a sense of identity and belonging because they share a characteristic, interest, or life experience such as ethnicity, language, religion, sexual orientation, or occupation" (Garthwait, 2018, p. 56).
What is a community of interest and identification?
social, cultural, physical, environmental, financial, political, spiritual, and educational resources
(Garthwait, 2020)
What are categories of assets?
historical events and experiences, sense of identity, values & belief systems, networks, conflict, forces supporting change, forces supporting the status quo, diversity, and power (Garthwait, 2020, pp. 61 & 62).
What are examples of community dynamics?
Conflict, multicausal, political economy, social exchange, social learning, social movement, social systems, strain, structural, subculture (Garthwait, 2017, p. 84)
What are orienting theories?
This model of community practice "emphasizes the process of problem solving. The role of the expert is stressed in identifying and resolving social problems. The theme of this approach is, “Let’s get the facts and take the next rational steps.”
What is social the social planning model?
One is "the ability to make change happen in some way, whereas [the other] is the capacity to increase the chances that a desired change may occur" (Garthwait, 2018, p. 57).
What are power and influence?
"Sense of community, formal and informal social networks, shared identity, access to power and influence, potential and talent, physical resources, acceptance of diversity, attitudes that support civic responsibility, motivation, capacity and readiness to grow and change, a commitment to social planning, leadership, community resilience..." (Garthwait, 2020, p. 59)
What are some examples of assets?
This is "based on a belief that communities are central contributors to positive and negative human development" (Garthwait, 2020, p. 62).
What is one goal of community-level practice?
community development, community organization, community resilience model, harm reduction, social change model, social development, social justice campaign, social planning, social policy development, structural change model (Garthwait, 2017, p. 84)
What are practice theories/models?