What We Eat
Study of the chemical compounds that compose the bodies of animals and how animals synthesize them for their bodies from the chemical materials they collect from environment
What is Nutrition?
Organic molecules primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen that are nonpolar/hydrophobic
What are Lipids?
Breakdown of food molecules by enzymes and animal processes into smaller chemical components
What is Digestion?
Measure of metabolic rate
What is Calorimetry?
The measure of the speed or intensity of the ceaseless, random motions that all the atoms and molecules of any substance undergo
What is Temperature?
Protein subunit that cannot be synthesized by an animal and must be incorporated by diet
What is an Essential Amino Acid?
10 or more sugar molecules linked together, can be 100s to 1000s of sugars
What is a Polysaccharide?
Process occurying after digestion when molecules enter into the living tissues of animals from outside those tissues
What is Absorption?
An animal’s rate of energy consumption; the rate at which it converts chemical-bond energy to heat and external work
What is Metabolic Rate?
The process of maintaining a relatively constant body temperature using voluntary and involuntary mechanisms
What is Thermoregulation?
Organic compounds that animals must obtain in small quantities from food or other outside sources
What are Vitamins?
Set of 20 molecules required for the synthesis of proteins in all organisms and are key source of nitrogen
What are the Standard Amino Acids?
Primary stomach chamber in cows and sheep where foregut fermenation occurs by commensal microbe population
What is the Rumen?
The calorigenic effect of ingested food, or the heat increment of feeding, that occurs after a meal and dissipates over time
What is Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)?
Another term for Heat, the energy that matter possesses by virtue of the ceaseless, random motions of its atoms and molecules on an atomic-molecular scale
What is Molecular Kinetic Energy?
Toxins that are specifically found in sessile or other animal tissues that act as deterrent in predation
What are Secondary Compounds or Allelochemicals?
Repeating polymer that serves as primary storage moleucle for glucose in animals
What is Glycogen?
Enzyme that breaks down peptide bonds in proteins
What is Peptidase?
Temporary stores of high energy phosphate bonds in muscle cells that can be used to generate ATP
What are Phosphagens?
Red in color and myoglobin-rich, the aerobic type of muscle fiber
What is Slow Aerobic Muscle Fiber?
Specilized region within an animal that houses symbiotic microbes to support animal’s energy needs
What is the Trophosome?
Readily usable energy product of lipid digestion that is both lipid AND water soluble
What are Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA)?
Modified tooth structure used in targeted feeding by snails and similar animals
What is the Radular Apparatus?
Exercise induced reduction in a muscle’s ability to generate peak forces and maintain power output
What is Muscle Fatigue?
What is Countercurrent Heat Exchange?