Comparative Methods
A good hypothesis must be this: it must be possible to prove it to be incorrect
Falsifiable
A social or cultural concept, though not a legal one
Nation
This type of growth is derived from gains in overall productivity, usually from the development of new technologies.
Intensive growth
This scholar argues that the cultural foundation of the Protestant ethic is the reason for Western industrialization and capitalism.
Max Weber
This approach defines democracy according to the process that a society uses to exercise state authority, without reference to any particular common good
the (minimal or) procedural definition of democracy
These types of theories assume that individuals act to maximize their individual, material self-interest.
Rational/interest-based theories
This problem occurs when there are free riders.
collective action problem
Some examples of this are: Industrialization, declining mortality, increasing competition, and gender equity.
Structural transformations
This theory states that a country’s position in the global economy determines its level of development
dependency theory
These are the two dimensions Dahl uses to measure and compare the extent to which countries are democratic.
contestation and participation
This method allows researchers to demonstrate causality by observing the effects of an intervention in a controlled environment.
Experimental method
A state that is recognized as sovereign by the international community has this form of statehood
Juridical statehood
We define this using measures of production, welfare, and/or structural transformations
Development
Some examples of this are: public infrastructure, property rights, financial regulations, and education
institutions
This electoral system is common in consensus-based states and is favorable for heterogeneous societies.
proportional representation
This is a way to compare countries. An example: Both Argentina and Pakistan implemented women’s suffrage in 1947. They had different religious cultures, regime types, colonial legacies, and political institutions, but they both had pro-labor leaders at the time.
Method of agreement
He argues that “The state made war and war made the state.
Charles Tilly
This type of development is characterized by a watchman state and elitist politics
Early development
These scholars argue that differences in factor endowments that support large plantations through local slave labor and those that support small farms through European immigration labor explain future levels of inequality.
Sokoloff and Engerman
This system of democracy has separation of origin and separation of survival.
presidential system
It is a factor that mediates between an independent variable and outcome, such as a strong middle class between income and democracy.
Intervening variable
This Law states that as the state grows, the size of the public sector and its expenditure will also grow
Wagner’s Law
This describes the characteristics of late developers
Gershenkron’s 6 propositions
This theory states that being ahead/being one of the firsts provides “increasing returns to scale”.
endogenous growth theory
Economic development leads to democracy through these values. Some examples are: parochial, subject v. participant, civic
civic culture