Delocalized electrons.
Electrons that are not bound to individual atoms and can move freely through a metal structure
delocalized electrons
The ability of a material to be drawn into wires.
ductility
The ability of a material to conduct electricity.
electrical conductivity
What are the three common crystal packing structures found in metals?
FCC (face-centered cubic), BCC (body-centered cubic), and HCP (hexagonal close-packed).
A defect in which atoms are missing from the crystal lattice.
vacancy
Why do metals have different properties from nonmetals?
Metals have closely packed cations surrounded by loosely held, delocalized valence electrons.
The ability of a material to be hammered or pressed into different shapes
malleability
Why are metals good electrical conductors?
Their delocalized electrons can move easily and carry electric current.
Which crystal structure is generally more ductile: FCC or BCC?
FCC is generally more ductile than BCC.
A defect in which extra atoms are located where they do not normally belong.
interstitial
What type of particles are left behind when zinc valence electrons become delocalized?
Positive Zn²⁺ cations.
Why are metals ductile?
Their cations can slide past one another while delocalized electrons continue to hold the metal together
The ability of a material to conduct heat.
thermal conductivity
Why are FCC metals more ductile than BCC metals?
FCC structures have closely packed planes that allow atoms to slide more easily.
Why is steel stronger than pure iron?
Carbon atoms occupy interstitial sites in iron and can pin dislocations, preventing their movement. This makes steel stronger than pure iron
What happens to the valence electrons when many zinc atoms come together?
Their valence electrons become delocalized and can move throughout the cluster.
Why are metals malleable?
The cations can change position when pressure is applied without causing the metal to break.
The way light interacts with a material's surface, causing metals to appear shiny
luster
How many neighboring atoms does an atom have in an FCC structure?
12 neighboring atoms.
The intentional introduction of dislocations in metal is called_____________.
work hardening
What holds the atoms together in a metallic crystal?
The attraction between the positive metal cations and the delocalized electrons.
Why do ionic compounds tend to shatter when pressure is applied?
Pressure can push like-charged ions close together, causing repulsion and cracking of the crystal.
The intentional introduction and accumulation of dislocations in a metal to make it harder and stronger
work hardening
A defect or irregularity occurring at a point in a crystal lattice.
point defect
______________ atom substitutions result
in the formation of red rubies.
Chromium