sensory perception
mobility
intracranial regulation
cellular regulation
infection
100

True or false: there is no cure for macular degeneration

true

100

name 3 s/sx of multiple sclerosis

  • Early signs:

    • Vision impairment (diplopia, changes in peripheral vision, decreased visual acuity)

      • (Diplopia: double vision)

    • Numbness, tingling

    • Dizziness & weakness

    • Issue with speaking

    • Cognitive issues

    • Bowel dysfunction

    • Bladder dysfunction (incontinence, hesitancy, urgency)

  • s/sx:

    • Tinnitus

    • Vertigo

    • Nystagmus

    • Uhtoff’s sign: temporary worsening of vision and other neurologic functions after exertion or when they’re exposed to heat

    • Sexual dysfunction

    • Dysarthria: motor speech disorder

    • Scotomas: patches of blindness

100

what is the number one thing you want to assess on a patient who has had a stroke?

airway

100

3 manifestations of thrombocytopenia

  • Unusual spontaneous bleeding from the gums and nose (epistaxis)

  • Oozing, trickling, or flow of blood from incision or lacerations

  • Petechiae and ecchymoses (discoloration of skin indicating bleeding; typically caused by bruising) (extremities, upper chest, neck)

  • Hematuria

  • Excessive bleeding from venipuncture, injection sites, or slight traumas

  • Tachycardia, hypotension, diaphoresis

  • Organ failure secondary to microemboli

  • Respiratory distress

  • Cyanosis pigmentation of nail beds

  • Redness, pain, warmth and swelling of lower extremities

100

management of care for pneumonia

  • Rest 

  • Fluids  

  • Diet

  • High Fowlers

  • Remove secretion

  • 02 therapy

  • Deep breathing

  • cough

200

what is the first line treatment for glaucoma?

timolol (beta blocker)

200

in what disease will you see Uhtoff's sign, and what is it?

temporary worsening of vision and other neurologic functions after exertion or when they’re exposed to heat, seen in multiple sclerosis

200

what syndrome should you watch for in someone who has had a stroke and explain what it is

  • Watch for neglect syndrome:

    • Occurs with right-sided heart damage, they ignore the affected side

    • Teach the patient to use and touch both sides of the body to prevent this

    • Address the affected side first, 

    • Do ROM q2hrs for nonaffected 

    • Passive range of motion for affected side and do affected side first

200

what should someone with leukemia report?

bone pain and signs of infection

200

name 3 manifestations of TB

  • Cough

  • Night sweats

  • Bloody/purulent sputum

  • Weight loss

  • lethargy

300

what are 4 manifestations of cataracts?

  • Decreased visual acuity (prescription changes, reduced night vision, and color perception)

  • Blurred vision

  • Diplopia (double vision)

  • Physical assessment findings:

    • Progressive and painless loss of vision

    • Visible opacity

    • Absent eye reflex

300

what is the main treatment for Parkinson's disease?

levodopa/carbidopa

300

explain a tonic-clonic seizure

  • Tonic episode: only a few seconds; stiffening of muscles, loss of consciousness; breathing may stop; they may bite their tongue or cheek

  • Clonic episode: rhythmic jerking; usually 1-2 minutes

  • Post-ictal phase: a period of confusion and sleepiness following the seizure

300

what is the point of the Schilling test?

differentiates pernicious anemia & malabsorption disorder

300

what should the patient report when taking ethambutol

changes in vision

400

what is acute otitis media?

a viral or bacterial infection of the middle ear

400
name 4 s/sx of osteoarthritis

  • O: outgrowths that are bony due to bone spur formation

    • Herberden’s node: on distal interphalangeal joint

    • Bouchard’s node: on proximal interphalangeal joint

  • S: sunrise stiffness

    • Less than 30 minutes after getting up

    • Pain in afternoon

  • T: tenderness

  • E: experiencing grating (crepitus)

    • Bones of moving joint “grate” causing pain

    • Pain goes away with rest

  • O: only on the joint

    • It may cause limited mobility

400
name the abortive medications for headaches

  • Mild headache:

    • NSAIDS

    • Antiemetics: do NOT give ondansetron

  • Triptain: can be used as a transdermal patch, and can cause fetal abnormalities, so take oral contraceptives, lie down in a dark room after taking

  • Ergotamine: preparations with caffeine help narrow blood vessels in the head, which reduces the throbbing effects of vascular headaches and helps reduce inflammation

  • Isometheptene: causes vasoconstriction and can be combined with others when other meds aren’t working

400

what is glossitis seen in iron deficiency anemia?

smooth sore red tongue

400

true or false: someone with pneumonia should take penicillin and cephalosporins with food

true

500

what is one inner ear disorder and explain what it is

  • Vertigo occurs when the client has the sensation that they or their surroundings are in motion

  • Meniere’s disease is characterized by episodic vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss

  • Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the labyrinth in the inner ear, often secondary to otitis media

500

when meds for Parkinson's stop working after years, what do you do?

deep brain stimulation

500

why should you NOT use contrast in a CT on someone who just had a stroke?

no contrast because if it is thought to be a hemorrhagic stroke (blood leaking into the brain), the contrast would leak into the brain

500

diagnostics for thrombocytopenia

  • hemoglobin

  • Fibrinogen levels

  • Prothrombin time

  • Blood typing and cross match

  • PLT

  • Partial thromboplastin

  • Thrombin time

  • D-dimer

500

why should someone with TB take more than 1 medication

TB can resist against medication

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