Vocab
this subatomic particle is small and negatively charged
electron
Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?
protons and neutrons
How many neutrons does the isotope beryllium-8 have?
4 neutrons, 4 protons
how many subatomic particles make up the atom?
three; protons, neutrons, electrons
the atomic number of an atom is equal to...
the number of protons in the nucleus
these particles are found in the nucleus and carry a positive charge
protons
what would be the mass number of an isotope of boron that contains 3 neutrons?
8 (3 neutrons plus 5 protons)
atoms become positive ions (cations) by ______ electrons and atoms become negative ions (anions) by _______ electrons
losing; gaining
this is the term we use to identify atoms that have either gained or lost an electron to become positively or negatively charged
ion
These two subatomic particles are roughly the same size
protons and neutrons
Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for the neutral isotope fluorine-16
protons: 9
neutrons: 7
electrons: 9
how much smaller are electrons than protons and neutrons?
about 1/2000th the size; so much smaller that we don't consider their mass
specifically 1820 times smaller
what is the mass number?
total protons + neutrons; total number of particles in the nucleus; total nucleons
the number of which subatomic particle determines the identity of the element?
protons; atomic number
If the average atomic mass of oxygen is 15.999 amu, and there are three stable isotopes of oxygen that exist in nature, oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18, which isotope is the most abundant in nature?
oxygen-16 is the most abundant
the large area around the nucleus where the electrons reside is called
the electron cloud
the small densely packed area in the center of the atom containing all of the positive charge for an atom and most of its mass is called
the nucleus
neutral; mass; inside