O-K+ Fam
What can cause hyperkalemia?
What is 1. increased intake, 2. cellular lysis, 3. transcellular shift, 4. medications or ... 5. Decreased GFR 6. Hemolysis?
Microbiology cultures must be drawn ________ to administration of antibiotics.
What is Prior?
What is the antithrombotic agent used when patients have HIT or are allergic to Heparin?
What is Danaparoid?
Given: IV push, undiluted over 2-3 minutes via the arterial port of the hemodialysis circuit, usually at the start of treatment and may be ordered again one hour or mid treatment
The anemia associated with CKD is the result of...?
What is Decreased EPO production --> Decreased RBC count --> decreased HGB and possibly low iron levels?
High fluid gains may require significant interstitial to intravascular fluid shifting that may be difficult to achieve during HD. As a result some patients may experience a drop in blood pressure and/or ________ near the end of treatment?
What is muscle cramping?
Theses are common causes of hypokalemia in CKD patients? (4)
What are 1. decreased intake, 2. GI losses (diarrhea),3. medications (e.g. diuretics), 4. mineralocorticoid excess. 5. Redistribution of K+ ie insulin use, Ventolin, alkalosis/bicarb infusion?
These 3 antibiotics that require trough levels?
What are Vancomycin, Tobramycin & Gentamicin?
When providing a hemodialysis treatment, what do you do if the patient presented with these clinical situations: IV systemic heparinization, recent invasive procedures or active bleeding or recent falls?
What is hold anticoagulant?
Options to treat anemia in CKD patients?
What is: 1. oral or IV iron such as IV: Venofer (Iron Sucrose); Ferrlecit ORAL: Ferrous Fumarate, Ferrous gluconate, Feramax?
2. EPO replacement such as Aranesp and Eprex? 3. Vitamin B supplement such as Replavite
This medication may be prescribed to help increase vascular tone and prevent intradialytic hypotension?
What is Midodrine?
When is the best time for patents to take their phosphate binders?
What is at the beginning of meals, with food?
This chemical elements binds in the gut with medications such as calcium carbonate (TUMS®); sevelamer HCL (Renalgel®) and sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velephoro®) to reduce the amount of this chemical absorbed into the bloodstream.
What is phosphorus?
What is indicated for the restoration of function to CVC's/catheters experiencing a sluggish flow?
What is Alteplase (Cathflo ®)?
Where are dialyzable medications administered during HD?
What is through the venous drip chamber or push into the venous injection port?
This chemical in the acid bath that helps decrease clotting in extra-corporal system?
What is Citrasate®?
These may be prescribed to reduce hyperkalemia? (3)
Humulin R and D50W (IV), Sodium Bicarbonate (IV), Kayexalate (PO), Ventolin, dialysis, diuresis with fluids and diuretics' that promote K+
Other K+ lowering meds: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma®), Patiromer (Veltassa®)
This medication helps to prevent cramping on Hemodialysis?
What is 200mg of Quinine Sulphate one hour before dialysis?
Factor that may increase potential clotting during hemodialysis?
What are air/microbubbles? Inadequate QB ? Blood transfusion? High ultrafiltration rates? Blood composition i.e high Hb/Hct? Medication such as digitalis, birth control pill, tetracycline? High access recirculation?
A renal friendly multivitamin that supports RBC production?
What is Replavite? Taken after HD
What would be appropriate instructions for a patient if they have to skip a treatment day?
What is call to try and set up your dialysis treatment for the following day or find out what options you have to receive dialysis as soon as possible?
What cells in the Kidney are responsible for eliminating Potassium?
What are Principal Cells and Intercalated Cells in the Distal Nephron - collecting ducts/tubules?
These are possible clinical manifestation of high phosphorus levels is CKD?
What is itching, red eyes, bone pain, brittle bones (demineralization, osteofibrosa, osteomalcia, fracture), muscle aches/weakness, vascular/cardiac calcification, heart damage ie LVH, higher morbidity/mortality ?
What are the untoward effects of continuous clotting (sub-optimal coagulation) during HD?
What is reduce surface area in dialyzer, decreased clearances, increased chance of membrane rupture, increased risk of breach of transducer on VDC?
Blood transfusion are usually given to HD patient during their treatment as it allows for …?
What is fluid and K+ removal?
What medications enhance intestinal absorption of calcium/phosphorous and decreases PTH synthesis and secretion?
What are Vitamin D analogues such as calcitriol (Rocaltrol®) and alfacalcidiol (One-Alpha®)