Statistical Analyses
A researcher investigates whether there is a relationship between hours of sleep per night and depression scores among adults.
Correlation
This type of error occurs when you reject a true null hypothesis
Type 1 error
The extracellular space has high ____ and ____ ion concentrations, while the intracellular space has high ___ and ___ ion concentrations.
Na+ and Cl-; K+ and anions (-)
When a person holds 2 or more pieces of knowledge (cognitions) that are inconsistent with one another, it creates a feeling of discomfort.
What is the mean and standard deviation for subtests?
100 and 15
10 and 3
These are the Cohen's d effect size ranges for small, medium, and large effect sizes.
This type of validity asks whether your measure really captures the abstract idea it claims to measure.
Construct validity
_____ create myelination in the CNS, while ____ create myelination in the PNS.
Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells
What is self-verification?
People seek confirmation of their existing self-views (even negative ones) because consistency supports a coherent identity.
What are the 5 indices on the WAIS 5?
Bonus Points: Name each of the subtests that belong in each index
VCI, VSI, FRI, WMI, and PSI
VCI (Similarities, Vocab)
VSI (Block Design, Visual Puzzles)
FRI (Matrix Reasoning, Figure Weights)
WMI (Digit Sequencing, Running Digits)
PSI (Symbol Search, Coding)
A study compares mean depression scores between individuals who receive CBT and individuals who receive no treatment.
Independent samples t-test
This measurement concept is about getting consistent results when a test is repeated under similar conditions.
Reliability
The sodium potassium pump does what?
3 Na+ out for 2 K+ ions in
What is the core premise of attachment theory and what are the 3 primary attachment styles?
"Attachment is a biologically adaptive process that promotes infant survival through caregiver proximity."
Anxious, avoidant, and secure
Who is considered the "father of intelligence tests?"
Alfred Binet
A psychologist examines whether gender (male/female) is related to diagnosis status (diagnosed with anxiety vs. not diagnosed) in a community sample.
Chi-square test of association (test of independence)
List the four types of single-case experimental designs.
1. AB design
2. ABAB design (reversal)
3. multiple baseline
4. changing criterion
Reuptake, diffusion, and enzymatic degradation.
What is the Kohler effect?
What abilities do the following subtests measure?
- Similarities, Matrix Reasoning, and Coding
Similarities: crystallized intelligence; verbal abstract reasoning; associative and categorical thinking; abstract concept formation
Matrix Reasoning: nonverbal reasoning and problem solving
Coding: sustained attention and concentration; psychomotor speed and information processing speed.
A study examines whether parenting style (authoritative vs. authoritarian vs. permissive) and child gender influence behavior problem scores.
Two-way factorial ANOVA
In this type of sampling, every member of the population has a known and non-zero chance of being selected.
Probability sampling
What are the main effect of an EPSP vs. an IPSP on a postsynaptic neuron?
EPSP: increases the likelihood of an action potential by depolarizing the postsynaptic neuron
IPSP: decreases the likelihood of action potential by hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic neuron
What are the three stratification systems within social dominance theory?
Age (older individuals hold more power), gender (men hold higher social and political power), and arbitrary-set (hierarchical arrangement of social constructed categories)
What is ipsative interpretation?
refers to a method of assessment where an individual's scores are compared against their own previous scores rather than against the scores of others.