Statistics are like unicorns
One of the important properties of this important statistical concept is 'provided the n is large enough, the shape of the sampling distribution is approximately normal.
What is the Central Limit Theorem?
This man disproved 'miasma' by performing the first ever 'shoe-leather epidemiology' study
Who is John Snow?
This study design can only allow you to get a snapshot of the association. Cannot determine directionality of effect or incidence.
What is cross-sectional?
The function of science is to develop descriptions and explanations in the form of universal laws
What is Positivism?
This fatal flaw occurs when we reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
What is Type I error?
The probability of disease among exposed individuals divided by the probability of disease among the unexposed is measuring this.
What is relative risk?
Observing dairy maids helped this man develop the first vaccination in 1796.
Who is Edward Jenner?
Starting a study in 2012, we find some administrative data of patients that spans from 1998 to 2010. Using this data we look at who in this time period developed lung cancer and who did not. This is an example of what study design?
What is Retrospective or historical Cohort Study?
Realities are local, specific and socially and experientially based
What is Constructivism or Interpretivism?
Difficulty in defining this criteria can have a significant impact on the prevalence of a disease
What is diagnostic?
One of the assumptions that need to be met for this test is that no two events can occur at the same time.
What is Poisson Regression?
This man is known for his work in many low and middle income countries and coined the term "structural violence"
Who is Paul Farmer?
If you have a disease you may be more likely to remember details of your exposure, this is a potential bias in this type of study.
What is a case-control study?
A research paradigm is the net that contains the researcher's epistemological, methodological and this premise
What is ontological?
This fatal flaw can occur when an investigator or data analyst knows the exposure status of the participants in their study.
What is Information Bias?
This is the equivalent test for % of variance (R2) a model explain an outcome in logistic regression
What is likelihood ratio test (LRT)
This physician famously implemented policies for medical students to wash their hands after autopsies before performing child birth reducing maternal mortality from 12% to 2% in his clinic.
Who is Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis?
This type of randomized control trial are designed to compare a new therapy to a placebo.
What is Comparative Effectiveness Research (Gordis)?
Needs to be intertwined with politics and a political change agenda to confront social oppression at whatever level it occurs
What is critical or transformative?
If we look at mortality rates by age only at one time period we may miss important changes overtime that could be the result of this.
What is cohort effect?
In order to compare proportions of paired rather than independent data we would use this test.
What is McNemar's test?
This American virologist conducted groundbreaking studies on the transmission off infectious viruses and was instrumental in the discovery of the origins of HIV.
Who is Nathan Wolfe?
This study design results in a subcohort and one of it's advantages is that because there is no individual matching occurring, it is possible to study different diseases in the same study.
What is a case-cohort study?
This is one assumption that guides your research question and is related to what values and biases we as researchers bring to a study.
What is Axiology?
Reporting coefficients in this type of model may not be relevant.
What is predictor model?
[Instead we are interested in the residual standard error to assess predictive accuracy- distance from the regression line]