Assessment
On the WAIS-IV which subtests suggest problems in the working memory?
Letter number sequencing and digit span
In psychoanalytic theory, what happens in catharsis?
The affective response is decreased by extinction.
The treatment of choice for OCD is ____ while specific phobias is ____
The _____ is involved in the consolidation of long-term memory while the _____ is involved in homeostasis such as temperature regulation, sleep-wake cycle, and aggression
hippocampus; hypothalamus
Based on the reinforcement schedule, which behaviors are the hardest to extinguish? Which one is the easiest?
Those that are reinforced on a variable/intermittent basis (variable ratio) is the hardest. (think slot machines)
Those that are easily extinguished are behaviors that are reinforced on a consistent basis
On the WAIS-IV, what does it mean for someone to exhibit a 'classic aging profile'?
It involves maintained or enhanced crystalized intelligence and diminished fluid intelligence.
The term vicarious learning is associated with which theorist?
Bandura
Who is known for Structural family therapy and what does it focus on?
Minuchin; focus on family's hiearchy and working on problematic boundary issues.
Which neurotransmitter is associated with volunatry movement?
Acetylcholine
Which part of the brain is commonly the originating site of complex partial seizures?
temporal lobes
What is the difference between acturial prediction and clinical prediction?
Acturial prediction is based solely on statistics and data without any judgement.
Whereas clinical prediction is based on symptoms and case histories and personal judgment.
What is Watson known for?
Classical conditioning
What do Gestalt therapist believe about dreams?
It is aspects of the client. They work on dreams by having the patient become the element of each dream.
Which part of the brain is least developed at birth? Which part is the most developed at birth? And which part is fully developed at birth.
The cortex is least developed as it is associated with higher level processes like emotion, reasoning, memory, and language.
The most developed is the cerebellum.
The brainstem is fully developed at birth as it regulates functions that are necessary for life.
What is the difference between high context and low context communication?
low context: meaning of communication is based on what is explicitly verbalized; focus on specifics of message.
high context: non-verbal cues and the situation/context significantly affect the meaning of what is communicated.
On the WAIS-IV which subtests would measure crystallized intelligence, and which ones measure fluid intelligence?
Crystallized: vocabulary
Fluid: block design and matrix reasoning
Which theorist is associated with operant conditioning?
Skinner
What is a paradoxical intention? Give an example.
Ex: a couple who complains about fighting too much, may be given homework to fight two hours a day for the next week.
What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?
Agonist - increases the effect of a neurotransmitter
antagonist - decreases the effect.
What is the difference between semantic, syntactic, phonemic, and acoustic? Which one is normally remembered best by a listener?
Semantic: meaning
Syntactic: grammatical order
Phonemes: smallest unitst of sound in a language
Acoustic: pitch, tone, and volume
What is the difference between standard error, sampling error, and systematic error?
standard error: errors of the mean, measurement, and estimate
sampling error: sample size decreases, which affects the mean.
systematic error: every obtained score differs from the true score (ex: IQ score is 5 points less than their true IQ score) and does not apply to standard error formulas.
According to Piaget, what is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
Assimiltation: incorporating a new experience into an already established mental structure.
Accomodation: modifying or expanding a cognitive structure or schema to take in new information.
Helps prevent relapse and keeps a person functioning at the highest level possible.
The problem already exists. whereas other levels, it hasn't yet.
Right hemisphere strokes results in ____ while left hemisphere strokes results in ____
right: emotional indifference; left side of body
left: depression; weakness on right side of body
What is the difference between counterconditioning and aversive counterconditioning? Which technique is involved in Masters and Johnson's technique of sensate focus?
Counterconditioning: a person learns a new response that is incompatible with a problematic response; sensate focus
Aversive counterconditionning: pairing a pleasurable but problematic conditioned stimulus with a more powerful aversive unconditioned stimulus (ex: taste of alcohol and vomiting)