Networking Basics
A network connecting computers within one office building is normally classified as what type of network?
Local Area Network (LAN)
Which OSI layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits as electrical, optical, or radio signals?
Layer 1 – Physical
Which transport protocol provides connection-oriented, reliable delivery?
TCP
What type of twisted-pair cable is commonly used in Ethernet LANs and has no additional shielding?
UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair
Which Linux command displays your current working directory?
pwd
A company connects offices located in several different cities. What type of network is normally used?
Wide Area Network (WAN)
At which OSI layer are MAC addresses primarily used?
Layer 2 – Data Link
Which protocol is commonly used by ping to test IP connectivity?
Which transmission medium carries data using pulses of light?
Fiber-optic cable
Which command is commonly used to test whether another IP host is reachable?
ping
Which network device is primarily responsible for forwarding traffic between different IP networks?
Router
Which OSI layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing packets between networks?
Layer 3 – Network
Which protocol resolves a local IPv4 address to a MAC address?
ARP
Which type of fiber is commonly used for shorter-distance, high-speed connections within buildings or campuses?
Multimode fiber
Which Windows command displays the hops taken to reach a destination?
tracert
What type of switch allows an administrator to configure and control individual ports?
Managed switch
Encryption, compression, and data-format translation are traditionally associated with which OSI layer?
Layer 6 – Presentation
Which TCP/IP layer is responsible for IP addressing and routing between networks?
Internet Layer
Which twisted-pair cable includes shielding to help reduce electromagnetic interference?
STP – Shielded Twisted Pair
Which Linux directory normally contains the home directories for individual users?
/home
A company provides internal web-based resources that are available only to its employees. What type of network service is this?
Intranet
Put these protocol data units in the correct encapsulation order: Frame, Bits, Segment, Packet.
Segment → Packet → Frame → Bits
Which three OSI layers are generally represented by the TCP/IP Application layer?
Application, Presentation, and Session — Layers 7, 6, and 5
A company must connect two buildings over a long distance through an area with significant electromagnetic interference. Which medium is the best choice, and why?
Fiber optic — supports longer distances and is immune to EMI/RFI.
Which Linux command is commonly used on Ubuntu/Debian systems to refresh the available package information from configured repositories?
sudo apt update