Data Types and Structures
List
a Data structure that contains a collection of data items in a sequence.
Modularity
What is: The subdivision of a computer program into separate subprograms is called modularity.
Bandwidth
What is: Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time (for digital data, it is measured in bits per second). Higher bandwidth is better because the data will travel more quickly
Firewall
What is: A firewall is a security system that controls the kinds of connections that can be made between a computer or network and the outside world.
Bit
What is: a single unit of data that can only have one of two values. We usually represent the two values as 0 (off) and 1 (on). The word "bit" is an abbreviation for binary digit. Byte - A byte is eight bits
Variable
What is: A variable is like a box that can hold one value at a time, such as one word, one costume, or one list (which can contain many things). You can look at what's inside as many times as you want
Initialize
What is: Setting the starting value of a variable.
The Cloud
What is: Storing data in the cloud means storing it somewhere on the Internet, but you don't know where. The cloud service provider (Google, Dropbox, Amazon, Snap!, etc.) manages the actual storage location.
Malware
What is: Malware is software that was designed to harm or take partial control over your computer.
Binary Sequence
What is: A binary sequence (also called a bitstream) is a string of ones and zeros.
Boolean Value
What is: A Boolean value is either TRUE or FALSE.
Selection
What is: Selection means deciding (selecting) which part of an algorithm to run based on whether a condition is true or false. Every algorithm can be constructed using sequencing (following steps in order), selection (deciding), and iteration (repeating).
Redundancy
What is: Redundancy is the inclusion of back-up elements in case one part fails
Encryption
What is: Encryption is the process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access.
Analog
What is: Analog data have values that change smoothly, unlike digital data which change in discrete intervals.
API
What is: An application program interface (API) documents what a programmer needs to know about using a library: it's a description of each procedure's purpose, inputs, and outputs (but not its algorithms)
Conditional
What is: The if and if-else blocks are called conditionals because they control the code based on a true-or-false condition.
Open Access
What is: Open access scholarly research reports are available for free download, rather than requiring the permission of a journal publisher.
DDoS Attack
What is: A DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack uses a virus to flood a server with many requests from many computers at once so that users of that server are denied service.
Lossless Compression
What is: Lossless data compression algorithms (such as PNG) are reversible (there is no loss in quality); you can reconstruct the original data
Abstraction
What is: Data abstraction provides a separation between the abstract properties of a data type and the concrete details of its representation. Data abstractions manage complexity in programs by giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation (Think lists)
Nested Conditional Statement
What is: A nested conditional statement is an if or if else statement inside another if else statement.
Creative Commons
What is: Creative Commons is a specific family of copyright licenses that allow others to use, share, maybe sell, and maybe revise your work.
Rogue Access Point
What is: A rogue access point is a wireless access point that gives access to a secure network without the authorization of the network administrator.
Lossy compression
What is: Lossy data compression algorithms are not fully reversible; you can reconstruct only an approximation of the original data