Whakapapa
What is the literal English translation of Whakapapa?
Genealogy (or family lineage/ancestry)
What is the basic definition of a "cause" in social studies?
An action, event, or condition that makes something else happen.
What is the general definition of an "effect" when analyzing historical or social events?
The outcome, result, or consequence of an action or event.
What does the phrase Tūrangawaewae literally translate to in English?
"A place to stand"
What are key English words used to translate the concept of Mana?
Authority, prestige, power, status, or spiritual influence.
Which natural element or origin do Māori ancestral stories directly connect human beings to through whakapapa?
The Environment (or Earth/Nature, such as Papatūānuku and Ranginui)
What term describes an immediate event or spark that directly triggers a historical outcome?
A trigger cause (or short-term cause)
How do intended consequences differ from unintended consequences?
Intended consequences are planned outcomes, whereas unintended consequences are unexpected or accidental results.
Which physical community hub—including a wharenui and wharekai—serves as the primary tūrangawaewae for many Māori?
A Marae
What is Mana Atua or Mana Tipuna?
Mana inherited directly through divine origin, ancestry, and whakapapa.
Which two traditional social structures does a strong knowledge of whakapapa help position an individual within?
Iwi and Hapū
What do we call deep-seated issues—such as economic hardship or systemic inequality—that build up over many years before an event occurs?
Long-term causes
What was one major long-term socioeconomic effect of land confiscation (raupatu) on hapū and iwi following the New Zealand Wars?
Loss of economic resources, landlessness, displacement, or cultural disruption.
Beyond a physical location, what core emotional or psychological state does tūrangawaewae provide a person?
A sense of identity, security, belonging, or home.
How does a person gain or increase their Mana Tangata?
Through personal achievements, leadership, skills, integrity, and service to others.
How does whakapapa apply beyond human lineage within Te Ao Māori?
It describes the interconnected relationships between humans, animals, plants, and non-living elements.
Name one major economic or trade-related cause behind the British drive to sign Te Tiriti o Waitangi / The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.
Unregulated British settlement, trade expansion, or land purchasing (whaling/sealing)
What is the distinction between a short-term effect and a long-term effect?
Short-term effects happen immediately or soon after an event; long-term effects unfold over years, decades, or generations.
How did urban drift in the mid-20th century impact many Māori people’s connection to their traditional tūrangawaewae?
It led to physical displacement and weakened connections to ancestral lands and rural home marae.
What is Mana Whenua?
The territorial authority, stewardship, and rights tied to ancestral land.
What formal oral recitation of identity—naming one's mountain, river, hapū, and ancestors—is grounded directly in whakapapa?
A Pepeha
What concept describes an event happening due to a combination of several factors working together, rather than a single reason?
Multiple causation (or complex causality)
What phrase describes a situation where an event creates an effect, which in turn causes another effect, creating a continuous sequence?
A chain reaction (or ripple/domino effect)
In a modern context, how can tūrangawaewae apply to places outside of ancestral tribal boundaries?
It can refer to any place where a person feels grounded, empowered, connected, or at home (e.g., community spaces, schools, or chosen homes).
How do hosts demonstrate and maintain their mana when welcoming visitors (manuhiri)?
By practicing Manaakitanga (generosity, hospitality, respect, and care for others).