Concepts of Cancer
Immunity and clotting, GI function, Peripheral nerve sensory perception, central motor and sensory deficits, respiratory and cardiac function, comfort and quality of life
What is impact of cancer on physical function
Uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells with a goal of having minimal damaging effects on normal tissue
Side effects: (acute/long-term) vary according to administration site, dermatitis, altered taste, fatigue, bone marrow suppression, xerostomia
What is Radiation Therapy
Inhibits activation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)
Side effects: N/V, fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, bone marrow suppression.
What is Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs)
Mamogram
What is Breast Cancer
Can occur at anytime during treatment (acute is the most common). Main symptom is N/V. Treat with drug therapy such as Zofran.
What is Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, hormonal therapy
What is cancer management
Antimetabolites, antimitotic antibiotics, antimiotics/mitosis inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, misc. agents
Side effects: (temporary/permanent), neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, mucusitis, skin changes, anxiety
What is Chemotherapy Drugs
Block epidermal growth factor from binding to cell surface receptor.
Most common side effects: hypersensitivity reactions and skin reactions.
What is Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors
Skin check every year
What is skin cancer (melanoma/non-melanoma)
Monitor blood return and access site during infusion of oncological agents at regular intervals to prevent...
Extravasation
sores in the mouth
give ice water/chips
frequent mouth assessments and oral hygiene (mouth swabs/brush teeth)
What is mucositis
Can be used alone, before or after treatment, or in combination. Kills cancer cells and normal body cells. Patient is at high risk for infection, immunosuppression, and complications
What is cytotoxic systemic therapy
Prevents formation of a large complex of proteins in cells.
Most common side effects: N/V, anorexia, abdominal pain, bowel changes, hypotension, and peripheral neuropathy
What is Proteasome Inhibitors
What is colorectal cancer
Reduced ability to concentrate, memory loss, difficulty learning new information. Goes away after chemotherapy treatment.
What is "Chemo briain"
Hair loss (eyelashes/eyebrows/hair)
cooling cap my decrease hairloss
Teach to avoid direct sunlight, apply sunscreen, cover head
What is alopecia
Using the body's own defense system to attack foreign cells. Immune related adverse agents (ir-AS's)
What is Immunotherapy
Inhibits activity of specific kinases in cancer cells and tumor blood vessels
Common side effects: hypertension, N/V, diarrhea, constipation, mucositis, rash, mild neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia
What is Multikinase Inhibitors (MKIs)
CA-125 (blood test) and transvaginal ultrasound
What is ovarian cancer
Tumor cells release content into bloodstream during cancer treatment leading to hyperkalemia and hyperuricemia
What is Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Unique physical and psychosocial needs
Educate patients on importance of routine follow-ups and adherence to the recommended schedule
What is survivorship
Using more than one drug for treatment. Different mechanisms of action work together to impact cell division.
What is combination chemotherapy
Targets mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
Common side effects: hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypersensitivity
What is Angiogenesis Inhibitors
PSA (blood test)
Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, superior vena cava syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome
What is Oncologic Emergencies