Atoms
The ancient Greeks believed that matter was composed of these four elements.
Earth, Air, Fire and Water.
In the Celsius system, water freezes at this temperature.
0 degrees
Conduction
The motion of electric charges is referred to as:
Electricity, or electric current
Electricity always flows in the direction of a _______ ________.
Voltage difference or potential difference
Nucleus
The amount of heat energy required to raise one gram of a material by one degree Celsius is known as:
Specific Heat Capacity
This is the transfer of heat by the flow of a fluid medium, like a gas or a liquid.
Convection
Protons are the fundamental unit of positive charge, and ______ are the fundamental unit of negative charge
Electrons
Electricity is primarily sustained by two different types of devices:
Batteries and Generators
Elements are differentiated from each other by how many _______ they have in their nucleus, also known as their atomic number.
Protons
Almost all materials ________ when they get colder and _______ when they get hotter.
Contract and expand
This is the transfer of heat by an object emitting light energy.
Radiation
This law of the universe states that a charge cannot be created or destroyed, only moved from one place to another
Conservation of charge
Electrons flowing through a material experience a kind of "electrical friction" that is properly referred to as
Electrical Resistance
The electrons that orbit in the highest energy shell around a nucleus are called the _______ electrons.
Water is special, because when its temperature drops from 4 degrees Celsius to 0, it does this
Expands
Heat radiation follows a pattern called the ______ _______ curve, which allows us to tell the temperature of an object by looking at the most common frequency it gives off.
Black Body Curve
This effect prevents electric fields from penetrating the interior of a conducting shell, such as a metal cage.
Electric current that travels back and forth is called _______ ________.
Electric current that only travels in one direction is called _________ _______.
Alternating Current (AC)
Direct Current (DC)
This type of matter makes up the vast majority of the matter in the universe, but can't be directly seen or detected except by the effect of its gravity.
Dark Matter
Math Problem: You have a 200 gram piece of metal at 20 degrees Celsius, and a cup with 400 degrees of water at 85 degrees Celsius. When you drop the metal into the water, the final temperature settles at 70 degrees. What is the specific heat of the metal?
Specific heat = 0.6 J/g*C
The atmosphere is capable of taking in the Sun's energy and trapping the heat it creates, allowing Earth to be a lot warmer than it ordinarily would be. This is called the ________ effect.
This quantity tells us how much electric potential energy per charge there is at a location.
Voltage, or Electric Potential
I put a 20 ohm resistor and two 40 ohm resistors in a parallel configuration. What is their overall resistance?
10 ohms.