Fill in the blanks
If I __________ (work) harder at school years ago, I would have a better job now.
had worked (Past cause, present result) [1, 2]
Situation: I didn't finish college. I don't have a degree today.
If I had finished college, I would have a degree today.
If I would have known you were coming, I would be at home right now.
Change would have known to had known
"If I had won the lottery, I would be rich."
No, I don't have money, and no, I didn't win.
Fill in the gap: "__________ I known about the cancellation, I wouldn't be sitting in this empty classroom right now."
Had (Inverted conditional: "Had I known" instead of "If I had known").
We wouldn't be lost right now if we __________ (look) at the map before we left.
had looked (Past cause, present result
Situation: I don't speak German. I didn't understand the tour guide yesterday.
If I spoke German, I would have understood the tour guide yesterday.
If he had eaten breakfast this morning, he wouldn't have been hungry now.
Change wouldn't have been to wouldn't be.
"We wouldn't be wet if you had remembered the umbrella."
We are wet because you forgot the umbrella.
Use a modal of possibility instead of would:
"If he had slept better, he __________ (feel) fine today, but I'm not entirely sure."
might feel / could feel
If Sam __________ (not be) so lazy in general, he would have helped you move yesterday.
weren't / was not (Permanent trait/present cause, past result)
Situation: He checked his car before the trip. His car didn't break down on the highway today.
His car would be broken down on the highway today if he hadn't checked it before the trip. (Or: If he hadn't checked his car..., it would be broken down...)
If I had been born in Texas, I would had a southern accent.
Change would had to would have.
"If she liked seafood, she would have eaten the sushi last night."
She dislikes seafood, so she chose not to eat the sushi.
Complete the passive voice format:
"The package __________ (deliver) by now if you had paid for express shipping."
would be delivered / would have been delivered
If she weren't afraid of flying, she __________ (not take) a 10-hour boat ride last week.
wouldn't have taken (Present cause, past result)
Situation: I didn't buy those tickets early. I am not going to the concert tonight.
If I had bought those tickets early, I would be going to the concert tonight.
If she didn't have an exam tomorrow, she would came to our party last night.
Change would came to would have come.
"If they hadn't trained hard, they wouldn't be champions today."
They trained hard in the past, and they are currently the champions.
Rewrite using an inverted form:
"If you should need any assistance, I would have answered your call yesterday."
Should you need any assistance, I would have answered your call yesterday.
If the team hadn't lost their star player last month, they __________ (be) in the finals tomorrow.
Situation: She is a terrible driver. She crashed her car into a tree last Friday.
i
If she weren't a terrible driver, she wouldn't have crashed her car into a tree last Friday.
If I hadn't complained to HR last month, nobody would receive benefits today.
Change would receive to would be receiving (continuous focus for ongoing state)
"If I were you, I would have taken that job offer last year."
I am not you, and you rejected the job offer last year.
Spot the logic flaw:
"If I had died when I was a baby, I would be an old man now."
Grammatically fine, but logically impossible. If you died as a baby, you wouldn't exist to grow old.