Conjunctions
___ it rains tomorrow, what will you do?
Supposing
I didn’t study for the exam yesterday. Now, I am very stressed about my grade.
If I had studied for the exam yesterday, I wouldn't be stressed about my grade now.
If you need any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Should you need any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Write structure for mixed conditional
If + past perfect, would + infinitive
If + past simple, would have + past participle
structure for 1st type inversion IN NEGATIVE
should + subject + NOT + infinitive
I'll assume he isn't coming to the party ___ he texts me to say he is.
unless
Sarah didn't take the job offer in Paris last month. She isn't living in France today.
If Sarah had taken the job offer in Paris, she would be living in France today.
If the meeting is cancelled, we will notify all staff members immediately.
Should the meeting be cancelled, we will notify all staff members immediately.
In which situation do we use mixed conditional?
We use mixed conditional to talk about imaginary situation and events and their results in the present or past.
structure for 2nd type inversion IN NEGATIVE
were + subject + NOT + to + infinitive
exception: if the verb is be, we only write were + subject.
Example: I would travel less if I wasn't this young.
Were I not younger, I would travel more.
Choose the most suitable option.
You're free to do whatever you want even ___ you respect the rules.
a)even if b)provided c)unless
b) provided
I am a very disorganized person. This is why I lost my passport before my flight last weekend.
I am a very disorganized person. This is why I lost my passport before my flight last weekend.
If I were the CEO of this company, I would implement a four-day work week.
Were I the CEO of this company, I would implement a four-day work week.
To describe how a past action (that didn't happen) affects the present, which verb tenses must be used in the "if" clause and the "result" clause?
Past Perfect in the "if" clause and Would + Base Verb in the result clause.
3rd type inversion IN NEGATIVE
Had + subject + NOT + past participle
Rewrite sentence using verb in brackets
It was because of you that i passed my driving test.(if it/been)
If it hadn't been of you, I wouldn't have passed my driving test
They don't speak English fluently. Because of this, they weren't able to understand the presentation this morning.
If they spoke English fluently, they would have been able to understand the presentation this morning.
If the pilot had seen the storm earlier, he would have changed the flight path.
Had the pilot seen the storm earlier, he would have changed the flight path.
Explain the logic behind this structure: If + Simple Past, Would have + Past Participle.
It is used to show how a permanent quality or present situation influenced a specific event in the past.
SPOT THE MISTAKE:
Were not I in charge, that wouldn't work well.
were I not in charge....
I would love to be at home right now. (IF ONLY/I WISH)
explain the difference between them.
If only/I wish I was at home right now.
Difference: if only is more emphatic, it often uses exclamation marks (!!!!!)
You are afraid of heights. That’s the reason you refused to go skydiving with us on Saturday.
If you weren't afraid of heights, you wouldn't have refused to go skydiving with us.
If they had not intervened so quickly, the situation would have turned into a disaster.
Had they not intervened so quickly, the situation would have turned into a disaster.
Why is the following sentence grammatically incorrect? "If I would have known you were coming, I would be happy now."
You cannot use "would" in the "if" clause. For a past condition, you must use the Past Perfect ("If I had known...").
SPOT THE MISTAKE:
Had not he told me, I wouldn't have known.
Had he not told me...