Zero Conditional
If you _____ water to 100°C, it ______.
heat / boils
If it _____ tomorrow, we _____ at home.
rains / will stay
If I _____ more time, I _____ (start) a new hobby.
had / would start
In the zero conditional, what verb form do we use in both the if-clause and the main clause?
Present simple
If you _____ (heat) butter, it _____ (melt).
Key: heat / melts → Zero Conditional (general fact)
If people _____ too much sugar, they _____ on weight.
eat / put
If you _____ your homework now, you _____ free later.
finish / will be
If she _____ closer, she _____ to work by bike.
lived / would go
In the first conditional, which verb form follows if, and which verb form goes in the result clause?
After if: present simple
Result clause: will + base verb
If you _____ (study) tonight, you _____ (pass) the test tomorrow.
Key: study / will pass → First Conditional (real future possibility)
Plants die if they _____ enough sunlight.
don't get
If they _____ early, they _____ (miss) the beginning of the film.
arrive / won't miss
They _____ happier if they _____ (change) their jobs.
would be / changes
In the second conditional, which tense do we use after if to talk about unreal or hypothetical situations in the present?
past simple
If I _____ (have) more money, I _____ (travel) around Europe.
Key: had / would travel → Second Conditional (hypothetical present)
If you e_____ the wrong password, the system d____ your access.
enter / denies
If she _____ enough money, she _____ a new laptop.
saves / will buy
If we _____ the instructions properly, we _____ fewer mistakes.
followed / would make
What is the main difference in meaning between the zero conditional and the first conditional?
Zero conditional = general truths, facts, or things that are always true.
First conditional = real, possible, or likely future situations.
If people _____ (not recycle), the amount of waste _____ (increase).
Key: don’t recycle / increases → Zero Conditional (general cause–effect)
*First conditional also accepted
If students s_____ their assignments on time, the teacher usually g_____ them extra feedback.
submit / gives
If the company _____ the project, the team _____ additional training.
approves / will receive
If the government _____ more in research, the country _____ (develop) major innovations.
invested / would develop
When would you choose the second conditional instead of the first conditional?
When the situation is hypothetical, unlikely, or imaginary in the present or future (not a real/likely possibility).
If she _____ (be) more confident, she _____ (apply) for the promotion.
were / would apply → Second Conditional (hypothetical present)