Conflict and Cooperation in Asia Jeopardy

REGIONAL ACTORS

100

What is the name used to describe Myanmar’s military leaders?

Tatmadaw

200

What two Asian states fought a war in 1962?

The 1962 Sino-Indian War (One cause was Mao Zedong’s view that India was supporting Tibetan rebels)

300

Name at least one of the terror groups inspired by Kashmiri nationalism.

Jaish-e-Mohammed

Lashkar-e-Taiba

400

What is the concept of “relationship specific assets”? Please also provide at least one example of how this applied to mainland-Hong Kong relations until 2019?

Relationship specific assets: Assets that maintain their value so long as a relationship persists.

E.g. Hong Kong’s role as a source of FDI,  services, independent rule of law, property rights, China’s 2003 Article 23 backdown

500

In spite of the close ties between China and Russia, please name the type of Russian behavior that China objects to (according to Kaczmarski). Please also provide a real-world example of such opposition.

China has not supported Russian military interventions because it fears further revolt in Xinjiang and Tibet.

-Russian military intervention in August 2008 to support ethnic Russians in South Ossetia and Abkahzia

-Russian invasion of Crimea in 2014

-And Russia’s post 2014 covert war in Eastern Ukraine

STABILIZATION STRATEGIES

100

David Kang rejects realist explanations of Asia and suggests that peace in Asia can be explained by this type of system that is returning to Asia

A Chinese dominated hierarchy

200

What does Benjamin Silberstein mean by “small reunification”?

He says that (1) the economic activity produced by areas such as the Kaesong Industrial Complex can lead to (2) patterns of economic reform and vested interests in prosperity that can lead to (3) political pluralism and forms of future reunification

300

Please name two out of the three elements of China’s counter insurgency strategy in Xinjiang.

Mass internment

• This accounts for between 10- 30% of Xinjiang’s Uyghur population 

Re-education

• Focuses on replacing the Uyghur language with Mandarin Chinese, ethnic swamping/mingling, and indoctrination against the “three evils”: terrorism, separatism, and extremism

Block the movement of Uyghur citizens internally and internationally

400

Legal scholar Johannes Chan details a variety of ways in which the 2020 National Security Law has changed the political, legal, and social landscape of Hong Kong.  Please provide three specific examples.  

• No trial by jury for NSL cases
• Limitations on bail for NSL cases, which allowed for the jailing of opposition leaders
• Chief Executive selection of NSL judges
• Operation of central government institutions/agents (of the NSL committee/office) without local judicial oversight
• After the trial of Tong Ying Kit, slogans such as “Liberate Hong Kong; Revolution of our Times” are seen as a NSL secession violation rather than freedom of speech

500

Between 2004 and 2007 secret talks between Indian and Pakistan on the status of Kashmir produced the four-point formula.  Please name the four elements of this plan.

- Self-rule

- Open borders

- Demilitarization

- Joint Indian, Pakistani, and Kashmiri control for both parts of Kashmir

CONCEPTS OF ASIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

100

According to  Edward Steinfeld, what is the name of the concept that describes how China threw its doors open to the rules, dictates, and norms of foreign firms and international institutions (like the WTO). He says that Chinese firms became “immersed in international networks, dependent upon foreign international bankers and lawyers, partnered with leading global companies in their respective sectors, and subject to the regulatory strictures of foreign governments.”

Institutional outsourcing

200

As we discussed in class, economist Steven Roach discussed three factors for the precipitous decline of Hong Kong’s stock market back to 1997 levels? Name at least two of these factors.

-HK was stripped of its autonomy, creating an exodus of capital

-China’s own economic problems: Debt, Deflation, Demography

-The China-US trade war

300

According to Christensen et al why do Myanmar’s leaders tend to cling to power?

Non-democratic prerogatives including:

-Rents

-Political influence

-Formal roles within the new administration.

-Control of resources-violence-conspiracy argument

400

What is US law committed America to help Taiwan defend itself, but left it ambiguous whether the US would directly commit its own forces for such defense?

1979 Taiwan Relations Act

500

What are arguments against US strategic clarity toward China with regard to Taiwan and the South China Sea?

Chang et al point out that strategic clarity will fuel Beijing’s suspicions that the US is supporting Taiwan’s independence.

Clarity may also give more courage to the Taiwanese to declare independence

Clarity is weak against China’s “gray-zone” coercion strategy (like paramilitary harassment, misinformation, and island construction), which avoids traditional conventional warfare red lines.

ASIAN CRISIS CONTEXTS

100

What action did the US take in March 1996 when China engaged in provocative missile tests near Taiwan’s coast?

The U.S. sends two carrier battle groups to the area.

200

Name at least one of the contested territories between China and India.

China still claims Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh.

300

What is the name of the inter-tribal revenge killing in Mindanao mentioned by Benedict Jimenez?

Rido

400

Exactly how much trade and what percentage of the world’s fish are caught in the South China Sea each year?

-Over 5 Trillion  Dollars of trade passes through it each year 

-12 percent of the world’s fish are caught

500

Name at least reasons for China’s increasing
“international pragmatist” assertiveness in the South China Sea according to Kheng Swe Lim?

Weakening of Trade Sensitivity

• Lim asserts that China’s new assertiveness results from a lower degree of economic dependence upon the region (“trade sensitivity”) 

The Trigger: formal submission to the UN

• He says that “Vietnam and Malaysia’s submission of their claims to the South China Sea to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf on May 6, 2009 were an exogenous shock to the status of regional dynamics as of that time, which pushed the dispute back to the forefront.”

Alliance encirclement

• Lim sees America’s pivot toward Asia, as an intensifier of the dispute, which includes

Feedback loop intensification

• When China strongly reactions to perceived provocations, this then causes other countries to react, which in turn creates a stronger Chinese reaction.