Congenital Heart Defects
A condition a mother can develop during early pregnancy if not immunized, that's a risk factor for CHD in the neonate.
Rubella
This "adaptive mechanism" can develop due to the pediatric child having chronic hypoxia.
Polycythemia
Name 2 congenital heart defects that are caused d/t reduction or impairment of blood flow to the lungs.
Pulmonary Stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Name the medication you might anticipate giving to keep the ductus arteriosus open in a pediatric patient.
Prostaglandin E1
Name the anatomical structure that connects the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, that is present in utero that should resolve shortly after delivery.
Ductus Arteriosus
This defect in a pediatric patient causes a left to right shunt of blood within the ventricles.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Name at least 3 symptoms you may see in a child with a congenital heart defect causing left heart failure.
Tachypnea, poor feeding, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, poor weight gain, coughing.
Name the congenital defect that is the major cause of discreptent blood pressures between the upper and lower extremities.
Coarctation of the Aorta
These medications are the mainstay for treating acute pericarditis.
What are colchicine and NSAIDs. (Corticosteroid is a secondary medication)
This anatomical structure is present during utero, closes after delivery, and is located between the right and left atria.
Foramen Ovale
Name the 4 criteria of Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
A congenital heart defect presenting with: bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, or “machinery” murmur
Patent Ductus Arterious
Name a congenital heart defect that increased blood flow to the lungs.
Ventricular Septal Defect, Atrial Septal Defect, PFO, PDA
A physician ordered diagnostic study that allows for detection of pediatric heart conditions.
Echocardiogram
Name the structure that separates the right and left ventricles
Ventricular Septum
Name a congenital heart defect that requires medication to keep the Ductus Arteriosus open.
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TOGA)
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
Name at least 3 signs/symptoms you may see in a patient with infectious endocarditis. Bonus this is the name of the classification criteria
Fever, murmur, Janeway/Osler lesions, splinter hemorrhages, subconjunctival hemorrhages, splenomegaly, stroke, heart failure, positive blood cultures.
This may occur to the overfilling and decrease contractility of the ventricles
Ventricular Hypertrophy
This is the definitive treatment for constrictive pericarditis
What is a pericardectomy
This structure is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to the body
Aorta
This congenital heart defect involves the tricuspid valve and possibly the atrial septum and right ventricle.
Ebstein's Anomaly
These three signs/symptoms make up Beck's triad
What are hypotension, jugular venous distention, and muffled heart sounds
Describe the pathophysiology of Eisenmenger syndrome.
It develops when a heart defect allows blood to flow from the left side of the heart to the right (left-to-right shunt) causing increased pressure in the lungs. This increase pressure and volume through the pulmonary vasculature eventually causing scarring and increases pressure on the right side of the heart, ultimately leading to a reversal of blood flow (right-to-left shunt).
Name the medication that a child can receive that helps to aid in closing of the PDA.
Indomethacin
Name at least two MAJOR criteria of the modified Duke Criteria.
Positive blood cultures, Echocardiogram showing valvuar vegetations, new onset murmur, abscess