Left Side
Pathophysiology of Left Sided Heart Failure
When blood backs up into left atrium and pulmonary veins. Left Ventricle does not empty adequately during systole and/or fill adequately during diastole
Pathophysiology of Right Sided Heart Failure
When the right ventricle is unable to pump effectively and fluid moves into tissues and organs.
This medication increases contractility of myocardial contraction and slows heart Rate
What is Digitalis/Digoxin (Lanoxin)?
Diastolic Dysfunction effects...
What is ventricular filling
Position for someone who has orthopnea
What is semi or high Fowlers?
Difficulty breathing when lying down.
What is orthopnea?
drugs used to relieve edema
What are diuretics (thiazides, sulfonamides, aldosterone agonists)?
Systolic Dysfunction effects...
What is ventricular ejection
Reasons why patients with CHF are at higher risk for falls
What is fluid status changes, swelling in legs and feet, and orthostatic hypotension
side effects of beta-blockers
What are bradycardia, hypotension, depression, fatigue, lethargy?
Recommended diet for patients with CHF
What is the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet
Name two specific nursing assessments for CHF, both left and right.
What are monitor daily weight, respiratory distress or pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, JVD, Intake and output, ascites
Two major consequences of Left sided heart failure
What are decreased cardiac output and pulmonary congestion?
The amount of lbs/kg that would be concerning for a patient with CHF to gain
What is >3 lb (1.4 kg) in 2 days
Define Ejection Fraction.
What is the percentage of blood pumped by LV with each heart beat
What are the primary risk factors for CHF?
What are HTN and CAD
A condition in patients with CHF is suddenly awakened while sleeping in a prone or supine position with a feeling of suffocation.
What is Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Name three areas edema appears
What are: sacrum, feet and ankles, thighs, external genitalia, abdomen
Treatment of choice for CHF
What are Ace Inhibitors
Name two diagnostic Studies for CHF
What are Echocardiogram, ECG, chest x-ray, heart catheterization, BNP levels (Natriuretic Peptide)
Name two nursing diagnoses for patients with CHF
What are Impaired gas exchange, Decreased cardiac output, Excess fluid volume, Activity intolerance