Vowel & Glide Behavior
Which glide appears after front vowels in vowel–vowel linking?
/j/.
What connected speech process makes “turn off” sound like one continuous flow?
Linking (C–V linking).
Which process is used to connect two vowels when no consonant is present?
Speakers insert a glide to avoid a vowel collision.
What process reassigns the consonant at the end of a word to the next word?
The consonant shifts forward to start the following syllable.
In one sentence, what’s the difference between linking and intrusion?
Linking uses sounds that already exist; intrusion inserts new ones to smooth vowels.
Which glide appears after back vowels in vowel–vowel linking?
/w/.
In “I agree”, which linking sound appears between vowels?
/j/ linking.
In “the media are reporting”, which inserted sound makes the flow smoother?
An intrusive /r/ eases the transition.
What process makes “an apple” sound like “a-napple”?
The final /n/ attaches to the beginning of the next word.
Connected speech refers to the natural way speech sounds do what?
Flow seamlessly together in continuous spoken language.
Which intrusive sound commonly appears after neutral vowels?
Intrusive /r/
What linking occurs in “go out”?
/w/ linking (V–V linking).
Which process inserts an extra sound between vowels, as in “the idea of” → /j/?
A /j/ glide is added to keep the rhythm fluid.
What process makes “take it” sound like “tay-kit”?
The /k/ sound moves over to the next word’s vowel.
What three main processes form the core of connected speech?
The system relies on linking, intrusion, and consonant shifting (catenation).
What process inserts /j/, /w/, or /r/ to prevent awkward vowel collisions?
Intrusion.
Linking is the process that connects which parts of adjacent words?
Word-final and word-initial sounds.
The phrase “go away” includes an extra glide. Which process is this?
A /w/ is inserted to maintain speech continuity.
Catenation occurs when a final consonant attaches to a following word beginning with what?
A word starting with a vowel absorbs the preceding consonant.
Which connected speech process makes English sound more natural and less robotic?
Smoother transitions formed through linking.
What is the term for the fluid, continuous stream of spoken English without isolated word boundaries?
Connected speech
In non-rhotic accents, what linking sound appears when a word ends in “r” and the next word starts with a vowel?
R-linking.
Which process prevents vowel collision by inserting /r/ in “law and order”?
An /r/ is added to bridge the vowel gap.
What term describes how catenation shifts the perceived separation of words?
It changes the listener’s sense of where word boundaries fall.
Which process is essential for following rapid speech because it changes how words are heard?
Catenation alters how listeners segment words.