Anemias
Which type of anemia presents with MCV>100, hypersegnmented neutrophils, with folate & B12 deficiency
Megaloblastic, macrocytic
Which X-linked recessive condition leads to an inability to regenerate NADPH, causing oxidative stress, and has bite cells and heinz bodies on peripheral smear?
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD)
What condition is X-linked recessive, presents with deep bleeding and easy bruising, shows increased PTT and normal PT and INR, and is treated with desmopressin?
Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency)
_____ Lymphoblastic Leukemia is common in children <15 with increased lymphoblasts, whereas _____ Lymphoblastic Leukemia is common in adults >60 with smudge cells (fragile lymphocytes)
Acute, Chronic
This infection shares the same vector as Borrelia burgdorferi, presents with constant fever, hemolytic anemia with no liver involvement, and maltese cross appearance on blood smear
Babesiosis
What type of microcytic anemia presents with encephalopathy, wrist/foot drop, basophilic stippling and abdominal pain
Lead poisoning
What is the most common anemia? Hint: it presents with inability to produce heme
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia (Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemia)
Rh Hemolytic Disease occurs with an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, causing maternal production of __________
Anti-Rh antibodies (IgG)
What disorder has many etiologies, schistocytes (fragmented RBCs), increased PT, PTT, D-dimer, decreased fibrinogen?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
What type of leukemia presents with auer rods?
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
What type of malaria is most severe, presenting with irregular fever patterns
P. falciparum
What syndrome presents with low EPO, increased RBCs, caused by JAK2 or CALR mutations
Polycythemia Vera (uncontrolled hematopoiesis)
Liver disease, alcoholism. No hypersegmented neutrophils!
How do maternal IgG antibodies cross the placenta and attack fetal RBCs?
FcRn receptors
What condition is caused by autoimmune destruction of platelets by anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies. Labs are decreased platelets, increased bleeding time and megakaryocytes (compensatory)
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
Which type of cancer has B-cell origin, constitutional symptoms, better prognosis than its other type, and Reed-Sternberg Cells (binucleated appearance)
Hodgkin Lymphoma
What two cell types are affected by malaria?
hepatocytes and erythrocytes
Which autosomal dominant condition presents with spherocytes, positive osmotic fragility test and is treated with splenectomy
Hereditary Spherocytosis
What cells are destroyed/failed to produce in aplastic anemia? Leads to pancytopenia
Myeloid stem cells
What is the name of the complication of Rh Hemolytic disease characterized by severe hemolysis leading to fluid accumulation and fetal heart failure?
Hydrops fetalis
What vitamin deficiency can cause increased PT, PTT, easy bruising, heavy periods
Vitamin K Deficiency.
It's a cofactor in gamma-carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IV, V and anticoagulants Protein C and S
This type of cancer has many subtypes, has non-contiguous spread, worse prognosis than its counterpart, associated with HIV and autoimmune disease, and the most common type is Diffuse Large B-Cell type
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
How is Schistosomiasis spread?
in freshwater contaminated with schistosome larvae (South America, Africa, Asia)
What is often the first clinical sign of the autosomal recessive condition Sickle Cell Disease (HbSS)?
Dactylitis (painful hand and foot swelling)
What type of anemia is unresponsive to B12 and folate supplementation, and may cause elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin with craniofacial abnormalities
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
What is the name of the bilirubin-induced encephalopathy that can be a complication of Rh Hemolytic disease?
Kernicterus (bilirubin >20mg/dL)
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?
von Willebrand Disease
Increased bleeding time and PTT, normal PT and platelets
What type of cancer presents with hypercalcemia (bone destruction), rouleaux formation (stacked RBCs), punched out lytic bone lesions, excess immunoglobulin production, and increased ESR
Multiple Myeloma
In Schistosomiasis, where do the larvae mature to adults? Where do they migrate to lay eggs?
1. Liver
2. Intestinal/Bladder Veins
Which condition presents with target cells on blood smear?
Thalassemia (alpha and beta).
What syndrome is associated with iron deficiency anemia and presents with glossitis, spoon nails and esophageal webs
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
What treatment is given to mothers in 3rd trimester and postpartum in Rh Hemolytic disease?
RhoGam (Anti-D antibodies)
prevents maternal immune system from producing anti-Rh IgG antibodies
Which "factor":
- is released from endothelial cells thru Desmopressin
- facilitates platelet adhesion to collagen
- binds factor VII in circulation
von Willebrand Factor
Which Hodgkin Lymphoma subtype has the best prognosis?
Which is most common?
1. Lymphocyte-rich
2. Nodular sclerosis
What causes the fever in malaria?
When the RBCs infected with merozoites rupture
What unique finding is seen on blood smear for post-splenectomy sickle cell anemia?
Howell-Jolly bodies