Consciousness
How do you describe consciousness?
awareness of internal and external stimuli
Sleep is associated with these (4) hormones secretion and regulation:
- Melatonin
- Follicle stimulating hormone
- Luteinizing hormone
- Growth hormone
- Stage 1 = Wake
- Stage 2 = Transitional
- Stage 3 = Deep relaxation
- Stage 4 = NREM
- Stage 5 = REM
What are the two types of drug dependencies?
physical dependence and psychological dependence
What is the difference between internal and external stimuli?
Internal: Comes from physiological needs, emotional state or cognitive processing (e.x., hunger, fear, illness)
External: Input from surrounding environment - sight, sound, smell, etc. (e.x., sunlight, pollen, fireworks)
Which sleep hypothesis proposes sleep is essential for restoration and response to predatory risks?
Adaptive Function / Evolutionary Hypothesis
REM and NREM stand for:
Rapid eye movement(REM); Non-rapid eye movement(NREM)
Which class of drug's have the following effects on the body?
Effects: Increased alertness, euphoria, agitation, paranoia, and hallucinations?
Stimulants
Wakefulness is characterized by ____ of sensory awareness, thoughts, and behaviors.
high levels
______ hypothesis focuses on the impairments of sleep deprivation and the increases in deficits if slow-wave sleep is not acquired.
Cognitive Function
Stage 1 is associated with ___ waves, at ___ frequency and ___ amplitude.
Alpha, Low Frequency, High Amplitude
Cocaine and amphetamines block the reuptake of ___ from the synapse into the presynaptic cell.
Dopamine
Sleep is the state marked by relatively ____ as well as a reduced sense of ____.
Low physical activity; awareness
Maintaining healthy weight, lowering stress levels, improving mood, and increasing motor coordination are all benefits for _____.
Cognitive and memory formation
Sleep spindle is a ________ brain waves that may be important for learning and memory.
rapid burst of high frequency
Depletion of certain neurotransmitters can lead to:
mood dysphoria and cognitive problems
____ encompass all cyclical patterns of bodily change ranging from fluctuations in in temperature to reproductive cycles. ____ is the 24 hour cycle in which these patterns may occur.
Biological rhythms; circadian rhythms
Sleep-wake cycles seem to be controlled by multiple brain areas, including the ____, ____, and ____.
Thalamus, hypothalamus (slow-wave sleep), and pons (REM sleep)
What describes the undisturbed sleep following a period of sleep deprivation and suggests sleep is homeostatically regulated?
REM rebound
Which class of drug is commonly associated with pain reduction and euphoria?
Opioid / Opiates